Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Dari

Farsi

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

### The prepositions "di" and "da"

In Italian, prepositions merge with definite articles to form single words called articulated prepositions. 

- **di** generally means "of" and shows possession or description. Before merging, it changes its spelling to **de-**.
- **da** generally means "from" (for precise origins). It merges directly without changing its vowel.

### Merging with singular articles: il and la

When a masculine noun uses the article **il**, the prepositions merge to become **del** and **dal**. With the feminine article **la**, they merge to form **della** and **dalla**. Notice how the **l** doubles for the feminine forms.

| Preposition | Article | Combined |
|---|---|---|
| di | il | del |
| di | la | della |
| da | il | dal |
| da | la | dalla |

{{item:804507}}

{{item:804514}}

{{item:804510}}

{{item:804523}}

### "Da" with people

While **da** usually expresses coming "from" a place, it is also the standard way to express going to, being at, or coming from a person's location (like a professional's office).

{{item:804518}}

### Merging with plural articles: i and le

For plural nouns, **di** and **da** merge with the masculine article **i** (forming **dei** and **dai**) and the feminine article **le** (forming **delle** and **dalle**). 

| Preposition | Article | Combined |
|---|---|---|
| di | i | dei |
| di | le | delle |
| da | i | dai |
| da | le | dalle |

{{item:804524}}

Just as with singular forms, plural forms of **da** are used for locations associated with people (like someone's home).

{{item:804527}}

### Vowels and special masculine nouns

For singular nouns starting with a vowel, the article **l'** creates **dell'** and **dall'**. For special masculine nouns, the singular article **lo** forms **dello** and **dallo**, and the plural article **gli** forms **degli** and **dagli**.

| Preposition | Article | Combined |
|---|---|---|
| di | l' | dell' |
| di | lo | dello |
| di | gli | degli |
| da | l' | dall' |
| da | lo | dallo |
| da | gli | dagli |

{{item:804533}}

{{item:804532}}

Articulated prepositions with di and da (del, dal)

adjective

adjective/adverb

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

Subject pronouns and the verb to be (io sono)

Singular definite articles (il, la)

Singular demonstratives (questo, questa)

Basic verbal negation (non)

Yes/No questions

Coordinating conjunctions (e, ma, o)

Regular plurals and definite articles (-i, -e, i, le)

Plural verb to be (noi siamo, voi siete)

Plural demonstratives (questi, queste)

Nouns ending in -e

Special singular articles (lo, l')

The plural article (gli)

Special indefinite articles (uno, un')

Demonstrative adjectives (quello, quella)

Adjective endings (-o, -a, -i, -e)

Expressing quantity (molto, poco, tanto)

The verb to have (ho, hai, ha...)

There is / there are (c'è, ci sono)

The preposition of (di)

Singular possessives (il mio, la mia)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, due, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (undici, dodici...)

Numbers 21 to 100 (trenta, quaranta...)

Idiomatic avere (avere fame, avere anni)

Plural possessive adjectives (i miei, le mie)

Possessives with family members (mio padre)

Formal address (dare del Lei)

Present tense of -are verbs (-o, -i, -a)

Question words (chi, cosa, dove)

Present tense of -ere verbs (-o, -i, -e)

Question words (quando, come, perché)

Question word agreement (quanto, quanta, quanti, quante)

Regular -ire verbs

Verbs with -isc- (capisco, capisci, capisce)

Pronouns after prepositions (me, te, lui)

The verb fare (faccio, fai, fa)

The verb andare (vado, vai, va)

The verb stare (sto, stai, sta)

The verb venire (vengo, vieni, viene)

The verb uscire (esco, esci, esce)

Location and destination (a, in)

Origin and movement (da)

Articulated prepositions with a (al, alla)

Articulated prepositions with in (nel, nella)

Simple prepositions (con, per, su, tra)

Articulated prepositions with su (sul, sulla)

Months of the year

Telling time (sono le...)

Dates (il + number)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primo, secondo, terzo...)

The verb to want (volere)

The verb can (potere)

The verb must (dovere)

The verb to know (sapere)

Reflexive verbs (mi lavo, ti lavi)

Indirect object pronouns (gli, le, ci...)

Expressing preferences (mi piace)

Plural preferences (mi piacciono)

Comparatives (più... di, meno... di)

The passato prossimo with avere (ho parlato)

Irregular past participles (fatto, letto, preso)

The passato prossimo with essere (sono andato)

Reflexive verbs in the past (mi sono svegliato)

Time adverbs with the past tense (già, mai, ancora)

Third-person direct object pronouns (lo, la, li, le)

First and second-person direct object pronouns (mi, ti, ci, vi)

The four seasons

Prepositions of place (vicino a, davanti a)

Conversational words (beh, allora, davvero)

Indefinite adjectives for some (qualche, alcuni)

Indefinite adjectives for every and all (ogni, tutti)

Indefinite pronouns (qualcosa, qualcuno)

Noun suffixes (-ino, -one)

Adverbs of manner (-mente)

Comparisons of equality (così... come)

The relative superlative (il più)

The absolute superlative (-issimo)

Irregular comparatives (migliore, peggiore)

Present progressive (stare + -ando, -endo)

Imminent actions (stare per)

The locative pronoun (ci)

The partitive pronoun (ne)

Pronoun placement with modal verbs

Impersonal subjects (si)

Prepositions of time (da, per, tra, fra)

Past participle agreement with pronouns

Past tense of modal verbs

Question	Answer
of the; than the (di + il)	del
from the; to/at the (da + il)	dal
color	il colore
coat	il cappotto
The color of the coat is black.	Il colore del cappotto è nero.
sea	il mare
The colors of the sea are beautiful.	I colori del mare sono belli.
My father returns from the sea today.	Mio padre torna dal mare oggi.
north	il nord
south	il sud
We arrive from the north and they from the south.	Noi arriviamo dal nord e loro dal sud.
The train arrives from the city center.	Il treno arriva dal centro della città.
The cities of the south are very beautiful.	Le città del sud sono molto belle.
professor	il professore
We read the professor's book in the park.	Leggiamo il libro del professore nel parco.
The student does not go to the professor.	Lo studente non va dal professore.
manager / director	il direttore
Where is the manager's office?	Dov'è l'ufficio del direttore?
I receive a letter from the bank manager.	Ricevo una lettera dal direttore della banca.
church	la chiesa
My grandmother comes out of the church.	Mia nonna esce dalla chiesa.
The doors of the churches are closed.	Le porte delle chiese sono chiuse.
roof	il tetto
I look at the city from the roof.	Guardo la città dal tetto.
We are returning from the grandparents.	Torniamo dai nonni.
bridge	il ponte
I see the castle from the bridge.	Vedo il castello dal ponte.
The bathroom window is broken.	La finestra del bagno è rotta.
I do not find the manager's coat.	Non trovo il cappotto del direttore.
The students' backpacks are heavy.	Gli zaini degli studenti sono pesanti.
The airport restaurant is open.	Il ristorante dell'aeroporto è aperto.
The bridge of the north is very famous.	Il ponte del nord è molto famoso.
I see the sky from the roof of the building.	Vedo il cielo dal tetto del palazzo.
The color of the sea is beautiful.	Il colore del mare è bello.
The roof of the museum is big.	Il tetto del museo è grande.
I come from the north.	Vengo dal nord.
I am going to the doctor.	Vado dal dottore.