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Icelandic

### The Preposition "til"

In Icelandic, when you travel "to" a destination or go "to" a person, you use the preposition **til**.

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The most important rule for **til** is that it always forces the noun that follows it into the **genitive case**.

### Traveling to Places

When traveling to countries or cities, the noun changes to its genitive form. The exact endings vary depending on the noun's gender and original ending. For example, *Spánn* (Spain) becomes *Spánar*, *Noregur* (Norway) becomes *Noregs*, and *Danmörk* (Denmark) becomes *Danmerkur*.

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To say you are going "abroad," Icelandic uses the plural noun *útlönd* (foreign countries). After **til**, it takes the genitive form *útlanda*:

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The same rule applies to local towns and cities, such as *Akureyri* (genitive: *Akureyrar*) and *Keflavík* (genitive: *Keflavíkur*):

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### Visiting People

You also use **til** when going to see a person. This is the standard way to say you are going "to someone's house" or paying them a visit.

Just like places, people's names and titles must take the genitive case. Notice how they change:
- *Jón* becomes *Jóns*
- *María* becomes *Maríu*
- *Anna* becomes *Önnu*

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Family members like *afi* (grandpa) and *amma* (grandma) follow similar patterns, becoming *afa* and *ömmu* in the genitive:

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Finally, when you go to a specific professional, like "the doctor" (*læknirinn*), both the noun and its attached definite article take the genitive form (*læknisins*):

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The preposition "to" with the genitive (til)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Presentative and the definite suffix (þetta er, -inn, -in, -ið)

Singular pronouns and to be (ég er, þú ert)

Singular adjective agreement

Yes/no questions (ert þú…?)

Basic negation (ekki)

Plural pronouns and to be (við erum, þeir eru)

Group 1 weak verbs (-ar)

Group 2 and 3 verbs (-ir, -ur)

Information questions (hvað, hver, hvar)

Expressing opinions (mér finnst, mér líkar)

Expressing desires (mig langar)

Numbers 1 to 10 (einn, tveir, þrír)

Direct objects on indefinite nouns

Direct objects on definite nouns

Singular object pronouns (mig, þig...)

Plural object pronouns (okkur, ykkur...)

Directional prepositions (um, í, á)

Verb-second word order

Expressing intentions (ætla að)

Needs and wants (þurfa, vilja)

Middle voice verbs (-st)

Possessive pronouns (minn, þinn)

Dative case with prepositions (í, á, frá)

Definite dative nouns (-num, -nni, -nu)

Dative personal pronouns (honum, henni, þeim)

Plural nouns (-ar, -ir, -ur)

Definite plural nouns (-nir, -nar, -in)

Accusative plural nouns

Number agreement 1 to 4 (einn, tveir…)

Singular commands

Past tense of the verb to be (var, vorum)

Present continuous (vera að)

Strong verbs in the present tense

Weather and dummy subjects (það)

Invariable possessive pronouns (hans, hennar, þeirra)

Accusative possessives (minn, þinn)

Accompaniment (með)

Dative plural (-um, -unum)

Compound sentences (og, en, eða)

"This" in the nominative (þessi, þessi, þetta)

"This" in the accusative (þennan, þessa, þetta)

Accusative adjectives (-an, -a, -t)

Numbers 1 to 4 in the accusative (einn, tvo, þrjá)

Third-person reflexive pronouns (sig, sér)

Subordinating conjunctions (að, af því að)

Simple past of weak verbs (-aði)

Question words (hvernig, hvaða)

Physical possession (vera með)

Abstract possession (hafa)

Telling time (hálf, korter)

Plural commands (-ið)

The simple past tense (-di, -ti, -ði)

Possessive noun endings (-s, -ar)

Days of the week (á mánudaginn, á mánudögum)

Kveðjur — greetings (halló, bless)

Um mig — where I am from

Kurteisi — please, sorry, congratulations

Ability and knowing how (kunna að)

Permission (mega)

Obligation (eiga að)

Plural strong verbs

Numbers 11 to 20 (ellefu, tólf...)

Counting by tens to 100 (þrjátíu, fjörutíu...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (fyrsti, annar...)

All / everything / everyone (allur)

The indefinite pronoun someone (einhver)

The indefinite pronoun no one (enginn)

Compound numbers from 21 (tuttugu og)

This in the dative singular (þessum, þessari, þessu)

These in the dative plural (þessum)

My and your in the dative (mínum, þínum)

Numbers 1 to 4 in the dative (einum, tveimur)

Adjectives in the dative singular (-um, -ri, -u)

Adjectives in the dative plural (-um)

Reflexive possessive in the accusative (sinn, sína, sitt)

Reflexive possessive in the dative (sínum, sinni)

Reflexive versus regular possessives (sinn, hans)

Demonstrative plural (þessir, þessar, þessi)

Definite genitive singular (-sins, -arinnar)

Indefinite genitive plural (-a)

Definite genitive plural (-anna)

Genitive prepositions (án, milli, vegna)

Prepositions of direction (yfir, undir, fyrir)

Prepositions of static location (yfir, undir, fyrir)

Weak adjectives in the nominative (-i, -a, -a)

Question	Answer
to	til
Spain	Spánn
We are going to Spain.	Við förum til Spánar.
Are you going to Spain tomorrow?	Ferð þú til Spánar á morgun?
Norway	Noregur
She is flying to Norway.	Hún flýgur til Noregs.
They are flying to Norway.	Þeir fljúga til Noregs.
Denmark	Danmörk
Mom is going to Denmark.	Mamma fer til Danmerkur.
I want to go to Denmark.	Mig langar að fara til Danmerkur.
foreign countries (pl)	útlönd
The teacher is going abroad.	Kennarinn fer til útlanda.
Are you going abroad today?	Farið þið til útlanda í dag?
Akureyri	Akureyri
I intend to go to Akureyri.	Ég ætla að fara til Akureyrar.
My boyfriend is going to Akureyri.	Kærastinn minn fer til Akureyrar.
Keflavik	Keflavík
The doctor drives to Keflavik.	Læknirinn keyrir til Keflavíkur.
When does he drive to Keflavik?	Hvenær keyrir hann til Keflavíkur?
Anna	Anna
Jon	Jón
Anna is coming to Jon's.	Anna kemur til Jóns.
Is Anna coming to Jon's today?	Kemur Anna til Jóns í dag?
Maria	María
Jon is going to Maria's.	Jón fer til Maríu.
When is Jon going to Maria's?	Hvenær fer Jón til Maríu?
The cat often goes to Anna.	Kötturinn fer oft til Önnu.
The dog runs to grandpa.	Hundurinn hleypur til afa.
We often go to grandma's.	Við förum oft til ömmu.
I intend to go to the doctor.	Ég ætla að fara til læknisins.
me (after til: til mín)	mín
Come to me!	Komdu til mín!
She is coming to me tonight.	Hún kemur til mín í kvöld.
you (after til: til þín)	þín
I will come to you tomorrow.	Ég kem til þín á morgun.
This letter is for you.	Þetta bréf er til þín.

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