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Icelandic

### Predicting the Future with "koma til með að"

In Icelandic, the present tense is frequently used to talk about the future. However, when you want to make a formal prediction about something that is bound or expected to happen, you can use the phrase **koma til með að**.

{{item:1061168}}

To use this structure, conjugate the verb **koma** to match the subject, follow it with the fixed phrase **til með að**, and then add the main verb in its infinitive form.

{{item:1061169}}

Notice how the verb *koma* is conjugated as *kemur* to match the singular noun *loftslagið* (the climate). The main verb *breytast* (to change) stays in the infinitive at the end of the phrase.

### Discussing the Environment

This multi-word future structure is especially common in formal contexts, such as discussing climate, science, or societal shifts.

{{item:1061172}}

You can also use this predictive structure in relative clauses. The phrase **koma til með að** simply follows the relative pronoun *sem* (that/which).

{{item:1061176}}

When the subject is plural (like *við* - we), *koma* takes its plural form (*komum*).

{{item:1061177}}

{{item:1061180}}

### Questions and Word Order

To turn a prediction into a yes/no question, invert the subject and the conjugated verb **koma**, just as you would with any other verb in Icelandic. The phrase **til með að** stays directly after the subject.

{{item:1061182}}

If you use a question word like *hvernig* (how), it goes at the very beginning of the sentence, followed immediately by the conjugated **koma**.

{{item:1061188}}

Future of prediction (koma til með að)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Presentative and the definite suffix (þetta er, -inn, -in, -ið)

Singular pronouns and to be (ég er, þú ert)

Singular adjective agreement

Yes/no questions (ert þú…?)

Basic negation (ekki)

Plural pronouns and to be (við erum, þeir eru)

Group 1 weak verbs (-ar)

Group 2 and 3 verbs (-ir, -ur)

Information questions (hvað, hver, hvar)

Expressing opinions (mér finnst, mér líkar)

Expressing desires (mig langar)

Numbers 1 to 10 (einn, tveir, þrír)

Direct objects on indefinite nouns

Direct objects on definite nouns

Singular object pronouns (mig, þig...)

Plural object pronouns (okkur, ykkur...)

Directional prepositions (um, í, á)

Verb-second word order

Expressing intentions (ætla að)

Needs and wants (þurfa, vilja)

Middle voice verbs (-st)

Possessive pronouns (minn, þinn)

Dative case with prepositions (í, á, frá)

Definite dative nouns (-num, -nni, -nu)

Dative personal pronouns (honum, henni, þeim)

Plural nouns (-ar, -ir, -ur)

Definite plural nouns (-nir, -nar, -in)

Accusative plural nouns

Number agreement 1 to 4 (einn, tveir…)

Singular commands

Past tense of the verb to be (var, vorum)

Present continuous (vera að)

Strong verbs in the present tense

Weather and dummy subjects (það)

Invariable possessive pronouns (hans, hennar, þeirra)

Accusative possessives (minn, þinn)

Accompaniment (með)

Dative plural (-um, -unum)

Compound sentences (og, en, eða)

"This" in the nominative (þessi, þessi, þetta)

"This" in the accusative (þennan, þessa, þetta)

Accusative adjectives (-an, -a, -t)

Numbers 1 to 4 in the accusative (einn, tvo, þrjá)

Third-person reflexive pronouns (sig, sér)

The preposition "to" with the genitive (til)

Subordinating conjunctions (að, af því að)

Simple past of weak verbs (-aði)

Question words (hvernig, hvaða)

Physical possession (vera með)

Abstract possession (hafa)

Telling time (hálf, korter)

Plural commands (-ið)

The simple past tense (-di, -ti, -ði)

Possessive noun endings (-s, -ar)

Days of the week (á mánudaginn, á mánudögum)

Kveðjur — greetings (halló, bless)

Um mig — where I am from

Kurteisi — please, sorry, congratulations

Ability and knowing how (kunna að)

Permission (mega)

Obligation (eiga að)

Plural strong verbs

Numbers 11 to 20 (ellefu, tólf...)

Counting by tens to 100 (þrjátíu, fjörutíu...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (fyrsti, annar...)

All / everything / everyone (allur)

The indefinite pronoun someone (einhver)

The indefinite pronoun no one (enginn)

Compound numbers from 21 (tuttugu og)

This in the dative singular (þessum, þessari, þessu)

These in the dative plural (þessum)

My and your in the dative (mínum, þínum)

Numbers 1 to 4 in the dative (einum, tveimur)

Adjectives in the dative singular (-um, -ri, -u)

Adjectives in the dative plural (-um)

Reflexive possessive in the accusative (sinn, sína, sitt)

Reflexive possessive in the dative (sínum, sinni)

Reflexive versus regular possessives (sinn, hans)

Demonstrative plural (þessir, þessar, þessi)

Definite genitive singular (-sins, -arinnar)

Indefinite genitive plural (-a)

Definite genitive plural (-anna)

Genitive prepositions (án, milli, vegna)

Prepositions of direction (yfir, undir, fyrir)

Prepositions of static location (yfir, undir, fyrir)

Question	Answer
the climate	loftslagið
will (prediction)	koma til með að
The climate is going to change more.	Loftslagið kemur til með að breytast meira.
the warming	hlýnunin
the sea level	sjávarmálið
The warming is going to raise the sea level.	Hlýnunin kemur til með að hækka sjávarmálið.
the pollution	mengunin
the threat	ógnin
the human race	mannkynið
The pollution is the threat that humanity will solve.	Mengunin er ógnin sem mannkynið kemur til með að leysa.
We will hear something about this threat.	Við komum til með að heyra eitthvað um þessa ógn.
renewable	endurnýjanlegur
the energy source	orkugjafinn
This renewable energy source is going to help us.	Þessi endurnýjanlegi orkugjafi kemur til með að hjálpa okkur.
to improve (intransitive)	batna
Is the climate going to improve soon?	Kemur loftslagið til með að batna bráðum?
The pollution is going to cost humanity a lot.	Mengunin kemur til með að kosta mannkynið mikið.
The situation does not improve while the warming continues.	Ástandið batnar ekki á meðan hlýnunin heldur áfram.
Humanity will reduce the pollution.	Mannkynið kemur til með að minnka mengunina.
Nothing is a bigger threat than the warming.	Ekkert er stærri ógn en hlýnunin.
The sun is a renewable energy source that we will use more.	Sólin er endurnýjanlegur orkugjafi sem við komum til með að nota meira.
How will humanity save the climate?	Hvernig kemur mannkynið til með að bjarga loftslaginu?
The sea level will rise.	Sjávarmálið kemur til með að hækka.