Formal relative clauses: adverbs and prepositions

Stylistic Fronting in Official Documents

In the previous lesson, past participles jumped to the front of relative clauses in literary texts. A similar type of stylistic fronting happens with prepositions and adverbs, most often in administrative, legal, and civic records.

When a phrasal verb or a verb combined with a preposition appears in a formal relative clause, the preposition or adverb moves before the verb.

For example, "which is in question" would typically be sem ræðir um in everyday speech, but official documents prefer sem um ræðir.

The provision in question is new.
Ákvæðið sem um ræðir er nýtt.
The regulation that is in question is strict.
Reglugerðin sem um ræðir er ströng.
The complaint in question is serious.
Kæran sem um ræðir er alvarleg.

Documents on Hand

A common phrase in civic records is liggja fyrir ("to be available" or "to be at hand"). In a formal relative clause, the adverb jumps to the front to become sem fyrir liggur (singular) or sem fyrir liggja (plural).

The exemption that is available is special.
Undanþágan sem fyrir liggur er sérstök.
The documents that are available at the institution are important.
Gögnin sem fyrir liggja hjá stofnuninni eru mikilvæg.

Enclosures and Attachments

The verb fylgja með means "to be enclosed" or "to be included". Following the same stylistic fronting rule, an attachment "that is enclosed" becomes sem með fylgir.

The attachment that is enclosed is a copy.
Viðhengið sem með fylgir er afrit.
The consent that is enclosed is important.
Samþykkið sem með fylgir er mikilvægt.

By recognizing this flipped word order, you will find it much easier to read contracts, navigate government portals, and understand official correspondence.