Він вгадав відповідь, грав чесно і не обдурював суперника.

They are all past tense verb forms.

Because the subject is він (he), the verbs are in the masculine singular past:

• вгадав = he guessed
• грав = he played
• обдурював = he was deceiving / used to deceive / was cheating

In Ukrainian past tense, the form changes for gender and number:

• він вгадав = he guessed
• вона вгадала = she guessed
• вони вгадали = they guessed

So the sentence is grammatically tied together by the masculine singular subject він.

Yes, Ukrainian often drops subject pronouns when the meaning is clear from the verb form or context.

So this sentence could also be:

Вгадав відповідь, грав чесно і не обдурював суперника.

That said, він is perfectly natural here. It may be used to:

• make the subject explicit
• create a clearer standalone sentence
• add a slight contrast or emphasis: he guessed, played fairly, and did not cheat

So він is not strictly necessary, but it is very normal.

This is mainly a question of aspect.

• вгадати / вгадав = perfective
  Focuses on a completed result: he guessed it successfully
• вгадувати / вгадував = imperfective
  Focuses on process, repetition, or an ongoing action: he was guessing, kept guessing, or used to guess

In this sentence, він вгадав відповідь means he reached the result successfully: he got the answer right.

So:

• він вгадав відповідь = he guessed the answer
• він вгадував відповідь = he was trying to guess / was in the process of guessing the answer

Відповідь is the direct object of вгадав, so it is in the accusative case.

However, for this noun, the accusative singular looks the same as the nominative singular:

• nominative: відповідь
• accusative: відповідь

So even though the form does not change, the case function does.

This happens because відповідь is a feminine noun of the third declension, and in the singular its accusative form is identical to the nominative.

Because чесно is an adverb, while чесний is an adjective.

Here the word describes how he played, so Ukrainian needs an adverb:

• чесний = honest, fair (describes a noun)
• чесно = honestly, fairly (describes a verb)

So:

• чесний суперник = an honest/fair opponent
• грав чесно = played fairly

English does the same thing:

• an honest player
• he played honestly/fairly

This is another important aspect question.

• не обдурював = imperfective
  Focuses on conduct, process, or repeated behavior: he was not deceiving / he did not cheat
• не обдурив = perfective
  Focuses on a completed result: he did not deceive or failed to deceive

In this sentence, грав чесно and не обдурював суперника go well together because they describe his behavior during the game. The idea is that he behaved fairly and was not engaging in deception.

So the imperfective sounds natural here.

Compare:

• Він не обдурював суперника.
  He wasn’t cheating/deceiving the opponent.
• Він не обдурив суперника.
  He didn’t deceive the opponent / he failed to trick the opponent.

The second one sounds more like a single completed outcome. The first one sounds more like fair conduct.

Because суперника is the accusative singular form of an animate masculine noun.

For many masculine animate nouns in Ukrainian, the accusative singular matches the genitive:

• nominative: суперник = opponent
• accusative: суперника = opponent as a direct object

Since обдурювати takes a direct object, we get:

• обдурювати суперника = to deceive/cheat the opponent

Compare with an inanimate masculine noun, where accusative often looks like nominative:

• бачу стіл = I see a table

But with an animate noun:

• бачу студента = I see a student

So суперника is exactly what you should expect here.

Literally, обдурювати means to deceive, to trick, or to fool someone.

In context, though, it can also be translated as to cheat someone, especially in games, competitions, or any situation where one person acts dishonestly toward another.

So in this sentence:

• literal sense: he was not deceiving the opponent
• natural English sense in context: he was not cheating the opponent

A close synonym is обманювати. In many contexts the two are similar, though обдурювати can sound a bit more like tricking or outsmarting dishonestly.

The sentence has one subject and three coordinated actions:

• вгадав відповідь
• грав чесно
• не обдурював суперника

Ukrainian uses a comma between the first two actions because they are listed without a conjunction there, and then the last action is introduced by і (and):

Він вгадав відповідь, грав чесно і не обдурював суперника.

This is similar to English:

He guessed the answer, played fairly, and didn’t cheat the opponent.

In Ukrainian, a comma is not normally placed before і when it simply joins homogeneous parts of a sentence like this.

Yes. Ukrainian word order is fairly flexible, and changing it usually changes emphasis, not the core meaning.

The version you have is neutral and natural:

Він вгадав відповідь, грав чесно і не обдурював суперника.

But you could also say things like:

• Відповідь він вгадав, грав чесно і не обдурював суперника.
  Emphasizes the answer
• Чесно він грав і не обдурював суперника.
  Emphasizes fairly
• Суперника він не обдурював.
  Emphasizes the opponent

So yes, the order can move, but the original version is the safest neutral pattern for learners.

In standard Ukrainian, г is usually pronounced like a voiced h-like sound: roughly [ɦ], not like the hard English g in go.

So:

• грав is closer to hrav than grav
• вгадав is closer to vha-dav

If Ukrainian wants the hard g sound, it usually uses the letter ґ instead.

This is a very common pronunciation point for English speakers, because English speakers often want to pronounce г as a regular g, but in Ukrainian that is usually not correct.