Ваші ключі лежать на столі.

Ваші means your.

It is capitalized because Ukrainian often writes the polite/formal you/your with a capital letter in direct address, especially in messages, letters, instructions, or speech aimed respectfully at one person.

So:

• ваші = your, neutral spelling
• Ваші = your, polite/respectful spelling

In this sentence, it suggests the speaker is addressing someone politely.

Because Ваші has to agree with ключі.

In Ukrainian, possessives like your change form depending on the noun’s:

• gender
• number
• case

Here, ключі is plural, so ваші / Ваші must also be plural.

Compare:

• ваш ключ = your key
• ваша книга = your book
• ваше вікно = your window
• ваші ключі = your keys

Because the sentence is talking about more than one key.

• ключ = key
• ключі = keys

So Ваші ключі means your keys.

This is the nominative plural form, because ключі is the subject of the sentence.

Because the subject ключі is plural.

In Ukrainian, verbs in the present tense agree with the subject in number:

• ключ лежить = the key is lying
• ключі лежать = the keys are lying

So лежать is the correct plural form.

Лежати / лежать literally means to lie or to be lying.

With objects, it often describes something being in a horizontal position or simply being somewhere, especially when it is resting on a surface.

So ключі лежать на столі is very natural for the keys are lying on the table or simply the keys are on the table.

In Ukrainian, it is very common to use a verb like лежати when talking about where an object is.

English often says:

• The keys are on the table

Ukrainian often prefers something more like:

• The keys lie/are lying on the table

This sounds natural in Ukrainian. You could also hear other location verbs in different situations, for example:

• стоїть = is standing
• висить = is hanging
• лежить / лежать = is lying / are lying

Because this sentence describes location, not movement.

After на:

• на стіл = onto the table, movement toward it
• на столі = on the table, location

Here the keys are already there, so Ukrainian uses the locative case:

• стіл → на столі

Compare:

• Кладу ключі на стіл. = I put the keys onto the table.
• Ключі лежать на столі. = The keys are on the table.

Столі is the locative case singular of стіл.

The locative is commonly used after prepositions that express location, such as:

• на = on
• у / в = in
• при = by, near

So:

• стіл = table
• на столі = on the table

No. Ukrainian does not use articles.

So стіл can mean:

• a table
• the table

The exact meaning depends on context.

That is why на столі can mean on a table or on the table, though in many contexts on the table is the most natural translation.

Yes. Ukrainian word order is more flexible than English.

The neutral order here is:

• Ваші ключі лежать на столі.

But you could also say:

• На столі лежать Ваші ключі.

This version puts more focus on where the keys are.

In many cases, both are correct, but the emphasis changes slightly.

If you mean your key is on the table, you would say:

• Ваш ключ лежить на столі.

Notice the changes:

• Ваші → Ваш because key is singular
• ключі → ключ
• лежать → лежить because the verb must agree with a singular subject

A rough pronunciation guide is:

VA-shi klyu-CHEE le-ZHAT na sto-LEE

Approximate notes:

• Ваші sounds like VA-shi
• ключі has a klyu sound and stress on the last syllable: klyu-CHEE
• лежать has stress on the last syllable: le-ZHAT
• столі has stress on the last syllable: sto-LEE

The ж sound in лежать is like the s in measure.

Usually it describes a state: the keys are on the table.

Even though лежать is a verb, in sentences like this it often simply tells you the position or location of something, not an active action in progress.

So in practice, it often works like English are on.

Yes.

• Ключі лежать на столі. = The keys are on the table.
• Ваші ключі лежать на столі. = Your keys are on the table.

Including Ваші specifies whose keys they are. Omitting it leaves that unstated or understood from context.