Ми садимо розсаду на грядку.

Both forms exist in Ukrainian, depending on the verb pattern and regional or stylistic preference.

• садити = to plant / to seat / to put somewhere
• From садити, one common 1st person plural form is садимо = we plant / we are planting

You may also hear forms based on саджати / саджати(ся) in some contexts, but for learners, садити → садимо is a very standard and useful pattern to know.

So in this sentence:

• Ми садимо = we are planting / we plant

Садимо is:

• present tense
• 1st person plural
• from the imperfective verb садити

So it literally means:

• we plant
• or we are planting

In Ukrainian, the present tense of an imperfective verb can often translate as either an English simple present or present progressive, depending on context.

Because it is the direct object of the verb, so it goes into the accusative case.

Dictionary form:

• розсада = seedlings / young plants / transplants

In the sentence:

• садимо що? = what are we planting?
• Answer: розсаду

For many feminine nouns ending in -а, the accusative singular changes to -у:

• книга → книгу
• машина → машину
• розсада → розсаду

So розсаду is simply the correct accusative singular form.

Because на can take different cases depending on the meaning.

Here the idea is movement toward / onto a place, so Ukrainian uses the accusative:

• на грядку = onto / into the garden bed

If you were talking about location, where something already is, you would usually use the locative:

• на грядці = on/in the garden bed

Compare:

• Ми садимо розсаду на грядку. = We are planting seedlings into the garden bed.
• Розсада росте на грядці. = The seedlings are growing in the garden bed.

Грядка means a garden bed, especially a bed for growing vegetables, herbs, or flowers.

So на грядку is not just any random piece of ground. It usually suggests a prepared planting bed, such as:

• a vegetable bed
• a flower bed
• a raised or organized garden row/plot

A very natural translation here is:

• into the garden bed
• or in the garden bed, depending on how natural you want the English to sound

Yes, Ukrainian often omits subject pronouns because the verb ending already shows who is doing the action.

• садимо already means we plant / we are planting

So both are possible:

• Ми садимо розсаду на грядку.
• Садимо розсаду на грядку.

Including ми can:

• add emphasis
• make the subject clearer
• sound slightly more explicit

English usually needs we, but Ukrainian often does not.

It can mean either, depending on context.

Because садимо is an imperfective present form, it may mean:

1. We are planting seedlings now
   ongoing action

2. We plant seedlings
   habitual or general action

For example:

• If someone asks Що ви зараз робите? = What are you doing now?
  then Ми садимо розсаду на грядку means We are planting seedlings now.

• If someone asks about your spring gardening routine, it may mean We plant seedlings in the garden bed.

This is the imperfective vs perfective distinction.

• садити = imperfective
  focuses on the process, repeated action, or ongoing action
• посадити = perfective
  focuses on completing the action: to plant, to plant successfully, to put in the ground

So:

• Ми садимо розсаду... = We are planting seedlings / We plant seedlings.
• Ми посадимо розсаду... = We will plant the seedlings.
  or, depending on context, We will get the seedlings planted.

A present-tense form like садимо is normal for an action in progress. A perfective verb like посадити does not normally have a true present meaning in the same way; its present-looking forms usually refer to the future.

Yes. Ukrainian word order is more flexible than English word order because case endings show grammatical roles.

The neutral order here is:

• Ми садимо розсаду на грядку.

But other orders are possible, for emphasis or focus:

• Розсаду ми садимо на грядку.
  emphasizes the seedlings
• На грядку ми садимо розсаду.
  emphasizes where we are planting them

Even though the order changes, the cases still show the roles:

• розсаду = direct object
• на грядку = destination

So the basic meaning stays the same, while the emphasis changes.

All of those can be possible depending on context.

Розсада usually refers to young plants that have been started earlier and are ready to be planted out. In English, that might be:

• seedlings
• young plants
• transplants
• seedlings for transplanting

In a gardening context, transplants can be especially natural if the plants are being moved into a bed. But seedlings is also a very common translation and is probably the easiest one for learners to remember.

A helpful approximate pronunciation is:

My SA-dy-mo ro-ZSA-du na HRYAD-ku

A few notes:

• Ми sounds like my in English, but shorter.
• г in Ukrainian is usually a softer sound than English g; it is closer to a voiced h sound.
• Stress is approximately:
  • сади́мо
  • ро́зсаду
  • гря́дку

If you want to sound natural, try saying it smoothly as one phrase:

Ми сади́мо ро́зсаду на гря́дку.