Камеру треба накачати щоразу, коли шина м’яка.

Because камеру is the accusative singular form of камера.

Here, камеру is the direct object of накачати (to pump up / inflate), so Ukrainian uses the accusative:

• nominative: камера
• accusative: камеру

A native English speaker may miss this because English usually does not change the form of nouns like this.

Yes. In this sentence, камера means inner tube, not camera.

Ukrainian камера can mean several things depending on context, including:

• camera
• chamber
• inner tube

Because the sentence also has шина (tire), the meaning is clearly about a wheel, so камера here means inner tube.

Треба means it is necessary, one should, or need to.

It is a very common impersonal word in Ukrainian. It does not change for person:

• Мені треба йти. — I need to go.
• Треба працювати. — It is necessary to work / One should work.

In your sentence:

• Камеру треба накачати = The inner tube needs to be pumped up / One should pump up the inner tube

This structure is very common:

• [object] + треба + infinitive

Because накачати is a perfective verb, and here the sentence means a completed result: inflate it until it is properly pumped up.

Compare:

• качати — to pump, to be pumping, to pump repeatedly/process-focused
• накачати — to pump up, to inflate fully/result-focused

So:

• Камеру треба накачати = the tube needs to be inflated
• Камеру треба качати would sound less natural here, because it focuses more on the action than the completed result

In practical English terms, накачати is closer to pump up.

Yes, but the meaning changes slightly.

• накачати — inflate fully, pump up
• накачувати — imperfective partner of накачати; used for repeated, ongoing, or habitual action
• підкачати — pump up a bit, add some air

So:

• Камеру треба накачати = the tube needs to be inflated
• Камеру треба підкачати = the tube needs a bit more air

If the tire is only a little soft, підкачати may sound especially natural.

Щоразу, коли means every time when or more naturally in English, whenever.

Breakdown:

• щоразу = every time
• коли = when

Together they create a common pattern:

• щоразу, коли... = every time that... / whenever...

Examples:

• Щоразу, коли йде дощ, я беру парасолю. — Every time it rains, I take an umbrella.

You could sometimes use just коли if the meaning is clear, but щоразу, коли strongly emphasizes repetition.

Because м’яка is describing шина, and шина is:

• feminine
• singular
• nominative

In the clause коли шина м’яка, the adjective is part of a predicate meaning the tire is soft. In Ukrainian, predicate adjectives are usually in the nominative, not the instrumental.

So:

• шина — nominative feminine singular
• м’яка — nominative feminine singular to match it

This is like saying:

• Шина м’яка. — The tire is soft.

Not:

• м’яку — that would be accusative
• м’якою — instrumental, which is used in other structures, but not the normal one here

Yes, you can think of it that way.

Ukrainian often omits the present-tense form of бути (to be). So:

• шина м’яка literally corresponds to the tire [is] soft

The verb є is usually not said in ordinary present-tense statements like this.

So:

• коли шина м’яка = when the tire is soft

This is completely normal Ukrainian.

Literally, yes, м’яка means soft, but in this context it means the tire is underinflated or low on air.

This is similar to how English speakers might say:

• The tire feels soft
• The tire is low
• The tire is flat / getting flat

So the sentence is about a tire not being firm enough, not about soft material in general.

They are two different parts:

• шина = tire
• камера = inner tube

A traditional bicycle or vehicle wheel may have:

• an outer rubber tire = шина
• an inner inflatable tube = камера

So the logic of the sentence is:

• if the tire feels soft,
• the inner tube needs to be pumped up

This can feel a little unusual in English, because English speakers may casually talk about pumping up the tire, even though technically the air goes into the tube inside it.

Both are possible.

• Камеру треба накачати
• Треба накачати камеру

Ukrainian word order is more flexible than English. The version with камеру first gives a little more focus to the inner tube itself.

Very roughly:

• Камеру треба накачати = As for the tube, it needs to be pumped up
• Треба накачати камеру = It is necessary to pump up the tube

Both are natural; the difference is mainly about emphasis and information flow.

It is understandable and basically natural, but in everyday speech people might also say things like:

• Камеру треба підкачати, коли шина м’яка.
• Треба підкачати колесо, якщо шина м’яка.
• Якщо шина м’яка, треба підкачати колесо.

A few notes:

• підкачати often sounds natural if the tire just needs more air
• people often say колесо (wheel) in casual speech, even if technically they mean the tire or tube

So your sentence is fine, but everyday usage may vary depending on how precise or casual the speaker wants to be.