Sürahideki su bitince davetlilerden biri mutfağa gidip dolduruverdi.

Sürahideki means the one in the pitcher / jug and it modifies su.

It is made of:

• sürahi = pitcher, jug
• -de = in / at
• -ki = a suffix that turns a location phrase into something like the one that is in...

So:

• sürahide = in the pitcher
• sürahideki su = the water in the pitcher

This -ki structure is very common in Turkish:

• masadaki kitap = the book on the table
• dolaptaki süt = the milk in the fridge/cupboard

Bitince comes from bitmek = to finish, be used up, run out.

The suffix -ince / -ınca / -ünce / -unca often means:

• when
• once
• after

So su bitince means when the water ran out or once the water was finished.

A few similar examples:

• eve gelince = when he/she came home
• iş bitince = when the work was finished
• seni görünce = when I saw you

Because bitmek is a very natural Turkish verb for something being finished, used up, or running out.

With things like water, food, money, time, battery, etc., Turkish often uses bitmek:

• Su bitti. = The water ran out.
• Param bitti. = I ran out of money.
• Pil bitti. = The battery died / ran out.

So here the focus is not on who drank it, but on the fact that there was no water left.

Because su is the subject of bitince, not the object.

In sürahideki su bitince:

• sürahideki su = the water in the pitcher
• bitince = when it ran out

So the water is the thing that ran out.

Turkish accusative marking is used for definite direct objects, not for subjects. That is why you do not get suyu here.

It literally means one from among the guests.

Breakdown:

• davetli = invited person, guest
• davetliler = guests
• davetlilerden = from the guests / among the guests
• biri = one of them / one

So davetlilerden biri is a very common Turkish way to say one of the guests.

The same pattern works with many nouns:

• öğrencilerden biri = one of the students
• arkadaşlarımdan biri = one of my friends
• kitaplardan biri = one of the books

Because the sentence expresses movement toward the kitchen.

• mutfak = kitchen
• mutfağa = to the kitchen

Turkish uses the dative case -(y)e / -(y)a for direction:

• okula gitti = he/she went to school
• eve koştu = he/she ran home
• mutfağa gidip... = going to the kitchen and...

Also note the sound change:

• mutfak → mutfağa

This is a normal consonant softening pattern in Turkish.

Gidip links two actions done by the same subject.

It comes from:

• gitmek = to go
• gidip = going and...

In this sentence:

• mutfağa gidip dolduruverdi = he/she went to the kitchen and filled it

This -ip form is very common for chaining actions:

• eve gidip uyudu = he/she went home and slept
• kapıyı açıp içeri girdi = he/she opened the door and entered
• çayı alıp geldi = he/she took the tea and came back

It often sounds smoother and more natural than repeating fully finite verbs.

Turkish often leaves out an object if it is obvious from context.

Here, dolduruverdi means filled it / refilled it, and the omitted object is understood from the earlier part of the sentence. Most naturally, it means the person refilled the pitcher/jug.

So even though Turkish does not explicitly say it, the meaning is clear from context.

This kind of omission is very common in Turkish.

Doldurdu simply means filled.

Dolduruverdi adds the suffix -iver / -ıver / -uver / -üver, which often gives a sense like:

• doing something quickly
• doing it readily
• doing it without much hesitation
• sometimes suddenly or just like that

So dolduruverdi feels more like:

• quickly filled it
• went ahead and filled it
• filled it right away

It adds a small extra nuance, often making the action sound easy, prompt, or helpful.

It can be divided like this:

• doldur- = fill
• -uver- = quick/readily/do-and-be-done-with-it nuance
• -di = past tense

So:

• doldur-uver-di

A learner may wonder whether the u belongs to the main verb or the suffix. Here the main verb is doldurmak, and the extra part is the -uver- suffix attached to it.

Because Turkish normally prefers verb-final word order.

A very neutral structure is:

• time/background information
• subject
• place/direction
• main verb at the end

So this sentence follows a very natural Turkish pattern:

• Sürahideki su bitince = when the water in the pitcher ran out
• davetlilerden biri = one of the guests
• mutfağa = to the kitchen
• gidip dolduruverdi = went and quickly refilled it

Turkish word order is somewhat flexible, but putting the main verb at the end is the default.

Yes. It is a time clause meaning when the water in the pitcher ran out.

It sets the background for the main action:

• Sürahideki su bitince = when the water ran out
• davetlilerden biri mutfağa gidip dolduruverdi = one of the guests went to the kitchen and refilled it

This kind of non-finite subordinate clause is extremely common in Turkish, and it often replaces an English clause with when, after, or once.

Yes. Depending on how much nuance you want to show, natural translations could include:

• When the water in the pitcher ran out, one of the guests went to the kitchen and refilled it.
• When the jug was empty, one of the guests went to the kitchen and quickly filled it up.
• Once the water in the pitcher was finished, one of the guests went to the kitchen and filled it right away.

The main nuance that may or may not be shown in English is the extra feeling from -uver in dolduruverdi. English can reflect it with words like quickly, right away, or went ahead and.