Teyzem gelene kadar çay sıcak kalacak.

Teyzem = teyze + -m.

• teyze = maternal aunt
• -m = my

So teyzem means my aunt on my mother’s side. Turkish makes this distinction clearly:

• teyze = mother’s sister
• hala = father’s sister

It is a very common Turkish pattern meaning until.

Here is the breakdown:

• gel- = come
• -en = a participle suffix, roughly coming / who comes
• -e = dative ending
• kadar = until / up to

So gelene kadar functions as until she comes or until my aunt comes.

You do not need to translate each piece too literally every time; it is best learned as the pattern:

• verb + -(y)ene kadar = until someone does...

Examples:

• Ben gelene kadar = until I come
• O bitene kadar = until it finishes
• Yağmur dinene kadar = until the rain stops

Because gelene kadar and gelince do different jobs.

• gelene kadar = until she comes
• gelince = when she comes / once she comes

So:

• Teyzem gelene kadar çay sıcak kalacak.
  = The tea will stay hot until my aunt comes.

But:

• Teyzem gelince çay sıcak olacak.
  = When my aunt comes, the tea will be hot.

So kadar gives you an endpoint in time: the tea stays hot up to that moment.

The subject is teyzem.

So in Teyzem gelene kadar, the person who will come is my aunt.

Turkish often does not repeat pronouns like o unless needed for emphasis. Since teyzem is already there, there is no need to say o.

Kalacak comes from kalmak, which means to stay or to remain.

• kal- = stay / remain
• -acak = future tense

So kalacak means will stay or will remain.

It is future because the sentence is talking about a situation expected to happen later. The speaker is predicting that from now until the aunt arrives, the tea will remain hot.

Because kalmak and olmak are not the same.

• sıcak olacak = it will be hot
• sıcak kalacak = it will stay/remain hot

In this sentence, the important idea is not just that the tea is hot, but that it continues to be hot until a certain time. That is why kalmak is the better verb here.

Because sıcak is a predicate adjective here.

In Turkish, adjectives can appear before a noun, as in:

• sıcak çay = hot tea

But they can also be part of the predicate:

• Çay sıcak. = The tea is hot.
• Çay sıcak kalacak. = The tea will stay hot.

So sıcak is describing the state that the tea remains in.

Not completely. Turkish word order is flexible, although verbs usually come near the end.

The given sentence:

• Teyzem gelene kadar çay sıcak kalacak.

is natural and clear because it puts the time clause first: until my aunt comes.

You could also say:

• Çay teyzem gelene kadar sıcak kalacak.

That is also correct. It gives slightly more attention to çay at the start.

So the meaning stays basically the same, but the focus can shift a little depending on word order.

It can mean either, depending on context.

Sıcak covers a range from warm to hot. With tea, English may choose hot or sometimes warm, depending on the situation.

So in this sentence, sıcak kalacak means the tea will remain at a pleasantly hot/warm temperature. Context tells you how strong the idea is.

Yes. Gelinceye kadar is also correct and means the same thing: until my aunt comes.

So these are both possible:

• Teyzem gelene kadar
• Teyzem gelinceye kadar

The version with gelene kadar is very common and natural in everyday Turkish. The gelinceye kadar version can sound a bit more expanded or formal, depending on context.