Dizim incinmiş, bu yüzden bugün parkta koşmuyorum.

Dizim means my knee.

It breaks down like this:

• diz = knee
• -im = my

So:

• diz = knee
• dizim = my knee

This is a possessive ending, and Turkish uses these endings very often instead of separate words like my, your, his/her.

Examples:

• kol = arm

• kolum = my arm

• baş = head
• başım = my head

İncinmiş is the -miş form, which often adds a nuance like:

• the speaker has realized it
• the speaker is reporting the result
• the important thing is the current condition

So Dizim incinmiş is something like:

• My knee seems to be hurt
• Apparently my knee is hurt
• My knee has gotten hurt

In everyday Turkish, this can sound very natural when someone is noticing or stating the result of an injury.

By contrast:

• Dizim incindi = My knee got hurt / was hurt

That sounds more like a straightforward past event.

So in this sentence, incinmiş emphasizes the present situation/result: the knee is injured, and therefore the speaker is not running today.

İncinmek means to be hurt, to get injured, or sometimes to become sore depending on context.

With body parts, it often refers to a relatively general injury or pain, not necessarily a very severe one.

In this sentence:

• Dizim incinmiş = My knee is hurt / I’ve hurt my knee

A useful thing to notice is that Turkish often says the body part is hurt, where English may prefer I hurt my knee.

Bu yüzden means because of this, for this reason, or more naturally in English, so / therefore.

It connects the two ideas:

• Dizim incinmiş = my knee is hurt
• bu yüzden bugün parkta koşmuyorum = so I’m not running in the park today

Other similar connectors are:

• bu nedenle = for this reason
• onun için = therefore / so / because of that

Bu yüzden is very common and natural in everyday Turkish.

Turkish -yor form often covers both:

• the present continuous: I am running
• a current/temporary present situation: I’m not running today
• sometimes even a near-habitual present depending on context

So:

• koşuyorum = I am running / I’m running
• koşmuyorum = I am not running / I’m not running

In this sentence, bugün (today) makes the time frame clear, so koşmuyorum means:

• I’m not running today

This is very natural Turkish.

Koşmuyorum breaks down like this:

• koş- = run
• -mu- = negative marker
• -yor = present continuous / current present
• -um = I

So:

• koşuyorum = I am running
• koşmuyorum = I am not running

A useful comparison:

• geliyorum = I am coming

• gelmiyorum = I am not coming

• yapıyorum = I am doing
• yapmıyorum = I am not doing

Parkta means in the park or at the park.

It uses the locative ending:

• park = park
• -ta = in / at / on

So:

• parkta = in the park

Compare:

• parka = to the park

  • Parka gidiyorum. = I’m going to the park.

• parkı = the park as a direct object

  • Parkı seviyorum. = I like the park.

In your sentence, the action happens in the park, so parkta is the correct form.

This is because of consonant harmony.

The locative ending has two forms:

• -da / -de
• -ta / -te

After certain voiceless consonants, Turkish uses t instead of d.

Since park ends in k, a voiceless consonant, you get:

• park + da → parkta

More examples:

• evde = in the house
• okulda = at school
• ağaçta = on/in the tree
• dolapta = in the cupboard

Yes, the word order can change.

The sentence:

• Dizim incinmiş, bu yüzden bugün parkta koşmuyorum.

is natural and emphasizes today before in the park.

Turkish word order is flexible, especially with time and place expressions. You could also hear:

• Dizim incinmiş, bu yüzden parkta bugün koşmuyorum.
• Bugün parkta koşmuyorum, çünkü dizim incinmiş.

These all make sense, but the original order is very natural.

A common pattern in Turkish is:

• time + place + verb

So:

• bugün = today
• parkta = in the park
• koşmuyorum = I’m not running

Because Turkish normally places the main verb at the end of the clause.

So in:

• bugün parkta koşmuyorum

you get:

• today
• in the park
• I am not running

This is a very common Turkish sentence pattern.

English usually prefers:

• I’m not running in the park today.

Turkish often prefers:

• Bugün parkta koşmuyorum.

When learning Turkish, getting used to the verb coming last is very important.

Yes, you could, and it would be understandable and natural.

The difference is mainly nuance:

• Dizim incindi = My knee got hurt
• Dizim incinmiş = My knee is hurt / apparently it got hurt / it turns out it’s hurt

In this sentence, incinmiş sounds a bit more focused on the resulting condition, which fits well with so I’m not running today.

But incindi is also a perfectly possible sentence depending on what exactly you want to express.

Yes. Turkish often omits subject pronouns because the verb ending already shows the subject.

In:

• koşmuyor = he/she/it is not running
• koşmuyorum = I am not running

The ending -um tells you the subject is I.

So Turkish usually does not need ben unless you want emphasis.

• Bugün parkta koşmuyorum. = I’m not running in the park today.
• Ben bugün parkta koşmuyorum. = I’m not running in the park today.
  This adds emphasis to I.

Yes. Even though the Turkish wording literally centers on my knee as the thing that is injured, a very natural English translation can be:

• I’ve hurt my knee
• My knee is hurt
• My knee’s injured

This is common when translating body-part sentences between Turkish and English: the most natural English version is not always the most literal one.