Markette küçük bir ananas gördüm, ama almadım.

• Market is the noun.
• -de / -da / -te / -ta is the locative suffix, meaning in / at.
• Because market ends in the voiceless consonant t, the suffix becomes -te, not -de.

So:

• market + te → markette

The double tt is normal in spelling here: one t belongs to the word market, and the other t belongs to the suffix -te.

Also, Markette is capitalized only because it is at the beginning of the sentence.

-te here means in or at.

So:

• markette = in the market / at the store

This is the locative case in Turkish. It is used for location.

Other examples:

• evde = at home
• okulda = at school
• parkta = in the park

In Turkish, when bir means a/an, it often comes between the adjective and the noun:

• küçük bir ananas = a small pineapple
• güzel bir ev = a beautiful house
• uzun bir yol = a long road

So adjective + bir + noun is a very common pattern.

If you put bir first, it can sound more like you are emphasizing the number one rather than just using a/an.

Here, bir works like a/an.

So küçük bir ananas means a small pineapple, not necessarily one small pineapple in a strongly numerical sense.

In Turkish, bir can mean either:

• one
• a/an

The context tells you which meaning is intended. In this sentence, it is functioning as an indefinite article.

Turkish often leaves out subject pronouns because the verb ending already shows who the subject is.

Here:

• gördüm = I saw
• almadım = I did not buy

The ending -m tells you the subject is I.

So Turkish does not need ben unless you want emphasis:

• Ben gördüm, ama almadım. = I saw it, but I didn’t buy it.
  This sounds more emphatic: I saw it.

Gördüm can be broken down like this:

• gör- = see
• -dü- = past tense
• -m = I

So:

• gör-dü-m = I saw

The vowel in the past tense suffix changes because of vowel harmony, which is why it is -dü here, not just one fixed form.

The Turkish past tense suffix is often shown as -DI, meaning it changes form:

• -dı
• -di
• -du
• -dü
• and after voiceless consonants, -tı / -ti / -tu / -tü

In gördüm, the stem gör- contains ö, which leads to the front rounded form -dü because of vowel harmony.

So:

• gör- → gördü-

Then -m is added for I.

This is a very important Turkish grammar point.

In Turkish, a direct object is often:

• unmarked if it is indefinite / non-specific
• marked with accusative if it is definite / specific

Here:

• küçük bir ananas gördüm = I saw a small pineapple

Because it is indefinite, the object stays unmarked:

• ananas

If it were specific, you would use the accusative:

• küçük ananası gördüm = I saw the small pineapple / that specific small pineapple

Turkish often leaves out an object when it is already understood from context.

So after küçük bir ananas gördüm, the listener already knows what is being talked about. Because of that, Turkish can simply say:

• ama almadım = but I didn’t buy

In natural English, you would usually say but I didn’t buy it, but Turkish does not always need to repeat the object.

If you wanted to say it explicitly, you could say:

• ama onu almadım = but I didn’t buy it

Almadım breaks down like this:

• al- = buy / take
• -ma- = negative
• -dı- = past tense
• -m = I

So:

• al-ma-dı-m = I did not buy

This is a very common Turkish pattern:

• gelmedim = I didn’t come
• yapmadım = I didn’t do
• sevmedim = I didn’t like

Turkish word order is often Subject–Object–Verb, and other information like place or time often comes earlier in the sentence.

This sentence is structured like:

• Markette = in the market
• küçük bir ananas = a small pineapple
• gördüm = I saw
• ama = but
• almadım = I didn’t buy

So the verb usually comes near the end of each clause.

That is very normal in Turkish.

Yes. Ama is the common everyday word for but.

So:

• ..., ama ... = ..., but ...

It is very natural in speech and writing.

Another word you may see is fakat, which also means but, but ama is extremely common and simple.

Yes, but they would add emphasis or explicitness.

For example:

• Markette küçük bir ananas gördüm, ama onu almadım.
  = I saw a small pineapple at the market, but I didn’t buy it.

• Ben markette küçük bir ananas gördüm, ama almadım.
  = I saw a small pineapple at the market, but I didn’t buy it.

These are grammatical, but the original sentence is more natural if no extra emphasis is needed.