Soğukta kalınca burnum kızarıyor.

Soğuk means cold, and soğukta literally means in the cold.

The ending -da / -de / -ta / -te is the locative suffix, which often corresponds to English in, at, or on depending on context.

So:

• soğuk = cold
• soğukta = in the cold

In this sentence, soğukta kalmak means something like to stay in the cold or to be out in the cold.

This is because of consonant harmony.

The locative suffix has four forms:

• -da
• -de
• -ta
• -te

After a voiceless consonant like k, Turkish uses t instead of d.

Since soğuk ends in k, you get:

• soğuk + da → soğukta

This is a very common pattern:

• evde = at home
• okulda = at school
• parkta = in the park
• uçakta = on the plane

Kalınca comes from the verb kalmak, which usually means to stay, to remain, or sometimes to be left.

Here the form is:

• kal- = verb stem
• -ınca / -ince / -unca / -ünce = a suffix meaning when, once, or after

So:

• kalınca = when one stays / when I stay / once it stays

In this sentence, because the subject is understood from the context, kalınca is best understood as:

• when I stay in the cold
• when I'm out in the cold

Very often, yes, but its exact feel can vary depending on context.

It commonly gives meanings like:

• when
• once
• after
• sometimes something close to whenever

Examples:

• Eve gelince beni ara. = Call me when you get home.
• Onu görünce şaşırdım. = I was surprised when I saw him/her.

In your sentence, soğukta kalınca has a general, repeated-situation meaning:

• when(ever) I stay in the cold

So it is not just one single event. It sounds like a general tendency.

This is because burun undergoes a common sound change when a vowel-initial suffix is added.

The basic noun is:

• burun = nose

The possessive ending for my is -(I)m, so you might expect burun + um. But in some Turkish words, the second vowel drops.

So:

• burun + um → burnum

This is called vowel drop.

Other similar examples:

• ağız → ağzım = my mouth
• boyun → boynum = my neck
• karın → karnım = my stomach/belly

So burnum simply means my nose.

Because Turkish usually shows possession with a suffix on the noun, not with a separate word like English my.

So:

• burun = nose
• burnum = my nose

You can add benim for emphasis:

• benim burnum = my nose

But in normal sentences, burnum by itself already means my nose, so benim is not necessary.

The form -iyor is often introduced as the present continuous ending, but in Turkish it is used more broadly than English am/is/are ... -ing.

Here:

• kızarmak = to become red / to redden / to blush
• kızarıyor = becomes red / is getting red / gets red

In a sentence like this, Turkish often uses -iyor for a general repeated result or a regular happening, not only something happening right now.

So burnum kızarıyor here is naturally understood as:

• my nose gets red
• my nose turns red

not necessarily my nose is becoming red right this second.

The dictionary form is kızarmak.

It means:

• to redden
• to become red
• to turn red
• in some contexts, to blush

In this sentence:

• kızar- = become red
• -ıyor = present/imperfective marker

So:

• kızarıyor = it gets red / it is becoming red

Because the subject is burnum, the meaning is my nose gets red.

Turkish often leaves subjects unstated when they are clear from context.

In this sentence, the clue is burnum:

• burnum = my nose

That already strongly suggests the person involved is I. So Soğukta kalınca burnum kızarıyor naturally means:

• When I stay in the cold, my nose gets red.

You could say Ben soğukta kalınca burnum kızarıyor, but that would usually sound more emphatic, as if you were contrasting yourself with someone else.

Yes. Turkish word order is flexible, although some orders sound more neutral than others.

The given sentence:

• Soğukta kalınca burnum kızarıyor.

is very natural and neutral.

You could also hear:

• Burnum soğukta kalınca kızarıyor.

This puts more focus on burnum.

In Turkish, the part before the final verb often sets the topic or emphasis, but the verb usually stays at the end in neutral statements.

In this sentence, it is closer to when(ever) I stay in the cold.

That is because the whole sentence expresses a typical result:

• Soğukta kalınca burnum kızarıyor.
• When I stay in the cold, my nose gets red.

English sometimes uses if for repeated results too:

• If I stay out in the cold, my nose gets red.

So the English translation could use either when or if, depending on style. But grammatically, -ınca itself most directly corresponds to when / once.

Yes. Turkish kalmak is often broader than English stay.

In expressions like soğukta kalmak, it can mean:

• to remain in the cold
• to be left in the cold
• to spend time in the cold
• to stay out in the cold

So even though the literal core idea is stay/remain, the natural English meaning is often just:

• to be in the cold
• to be out in the cold

That is why the sentence sounds natural as When I’m out in the cold, my nose gets red.