Kafe bugün kapalıymış.

A simple breakdown is:

• kafe = café
• bugün = today
• kapalı = closed
• -ymış = an evidential/hearsay ending, often meaning something like apparently, I hear, or it turns out

So grammatically, kafe is the thing being talked about, bugün gives the time, and kapalıymış is the predicate: is apparently closed / I heard it’s closed.

Here, -mış does not simply mean ordinary past tense.

In this sentence, it adds an indirect information or realization nuance. It often suggests that the speaker:

• heard this from someone else,
• just found it out,
• or realized it unexpectedly.

So Kafe bugün kapalıymış can feel like:

• Apparently the café is closed today.
• I heard the café is closed today.
• So the café is closed today, it seems.

This is one of the common uses of the miş form in Turkish.

Because kapalı ends in a vowel, and Turkish usually inserts a buffer consonant before certain suffixes when two vowels would otherwise meet.

Here:

• kapalı
  • -mış
    becomes
• kapalı-y-mış

That y is just a linker. It does not add meaning by itself.

This is very common in Turkish:

• hasta → hastaymış
• mutlu → mutluymuş
• kapalı → kapalıymış

Turkish often leaves out the present-tense verb to be in sentences with nouns and adjectives.

So:

• Kafe kapalı. = The café is closed.

There is no separate word for is here.

When Turkish adds endings like -mış, -dı, -sa, or personal endings, they attach to the predicate instead. That is why you get:

• kapalıymış rather than a separate word meaning was/is apparently.

So in this kind of sentence, Turkish expresses to be through structure and suffixes, not with a standalone verb.

Because kapalı is the predicate of the sentence.

The sentence is saying something about the café: namely, that it is closed.

So:

• kafe = subject/topic
• kapalı = what is being said about it

In Turkish, the copular/evidential ending goes on the predicate, not the subject.

That is why you get:

• Kafe bugün kapalıymış

and not something like:

• Kafeymiş bugün kapalı for this meaning.

In this sentence, it is most naturally understood as present:

• The café is closed today, apparently.

Even though -mış is often introduced as a kind of past form, in sentences like this it does not necessarily mean past time.

The time here is strongly guided by bugün (today), so the meaning is about the café’s current status today.

So a useful way to think of it is:

• -mış here adds source-of-information / realization
• bugün gives the actual time reference

Because kapalı describes a state, while kapanmış describes more of a completed action/change.

• kapalı = closed, in a closed state
• kapanmış = has closed / has become closed

For a shop, café, store, etc., kapalı is the normal way to say it is not open for business.

So:

• Kafe bugün kapalı. = The café is closed today.
• Kafe kapanmış. = The café has closed down / has shut / has ended up closed.

The second one can sound more event-like, and in some contexts it may even suggest the business has closed permanently or has shut unexpectedly, depending on context.

Turkish has no articles like the or a/an.

So kafe by itself can mean:

• the café
• a café

Context tells you which one is intended.

In a sentence like this, it will often be understood as the café, because the speaker usually has a particular café in mind.

Yes. Turkish word order is flexible, though the predicate usually comes last.

The neutral order here is:

• Kafe bugün kapalıymış.

But you could also hear:

• Bugün kafe kapalıymış.
• Kafe kapalıymış bugün.

These all have roughly the same core meaning, but the emphasis changes slightly.

For example:

• Bugün kafe kapalıymış puts more focus on today
• Kafe bugün kapalıymış is a very natural neutral order

Without -ymış, the sentence becomes a plain, direct statement:

• Kafe bugün kapalı. = The café is closed today.

With -ymış, the speaker sounds less direct and more like they:

• heard it from someone,
• just learned it,
• or are reacting to new information.

So the contrast is roughly:

• Kafe bugün kapalı. = direct fact
• Kafe bugün kapalıymış. = apparently / I heard / it turns out the café is closed today

No. It changes according to vowel harmony.

The four common forms are:

• -mış
• -miş
• -muş
• -müş

Here it is -mış because the last vowel in kapalı is ı, which requires that form.

So:

• kapalıymış but
• üzgünmüş
• hasta imiş / hastaymış
• evdeymiş

The meaning stays the same; only the vowel shape changes to fit Turkish sound harmony.