Bu tarif için gereken malzemeler mutfakta.

A natural breakdown is:

• bu = this
• tarif = recipe
• için = for
• gereken = needed / required
• malzemeler = ingredients
• mutfakta = in the kitchen

So the structure is basically:

• Bu tarif için = for this recipe
• gereken malzemeler = the needed/required ingredients
• mutfakta = are in the kitchen

Very literally, Turkish is saying something like:

For this recipe needed ingredients in-the-kitchen.

In natural English: The ingredients needed for this recipe are in the kitchen.

Because için is a postposition in Turkish, not a preposition.

In English, we say:

• for this recipe

In Turkish, the equivalent word comes after the noun phrase:

• bu tarif için = for this recipe

So Turkish uses:

• noun phrase + için

More examples:

• senin için = for you
• okul için = for school
• bu proje için = for this project

That is completely normal Turkish word order.

Gereken means needed, required, or more literally that is necessary.

Here it describes malzemeler (ingredients), so:

• gereken malzemeler = the ingredients that are needed
• or more naturally, the required ingredients

Grammatically, gereken is a participle-like form used as an adjective. It comes from gerekmek / gerek-related structure meaning to be necessary.

So instead of saying something long like:

• bu tarif için gerekli olan malzemeler

Turkish can simply say:

• bu tarif için gereken malzemeler

This is very common and natural.

Both can often be translated as required ingredients or necessary ingredients, but there is a small nuance.

• gerekli malzemeler = necessary ingredients
• gereken malzemeler = the ingredients needed / the ingredients that are required

So:

• gerekli is a regular adjective meaning necessary
• gereken feels a bit more verbal, like the ones that are needed

In this sentence, gereken malzemeler sounds very natural because it connects neatly with bu tarif için:

• Bu tarif için gereken malzemeler = the ingredients needed for this recipe

Because malzeme means ingredient / material, and malzemeler is the plural ingredients / materials.

The plural ending is:

• -ler / -lar

Here it is:

• malzeme → malzemeler

This matches the English idea of ingredients, since a recipe usually needs more than one ingredient.

Note that Turkish does not always use the plural in exactly the same situations as English, but here plural is perfectly normal.

Because mutfak means kitchen, and -ta / -te / -da / -de is the locative suffix, meaning in / at / on depending on context.

So:

• mutfak = kitchen
• mutfakta = in the kitchen

The form is -ta here because of consonant harmony/devoicing:

• base word ends in k
• so the suffix appears as -ta, not -da

Compare:

• evde = at home / in the house
• okulda = at school
• parkta = in the park
• mutfakta = in the kitchen

Because in Turkish, in the present tense, the verb to be is often not expressed in this kind of sentence.

English needs:

• The ingredients are in the kitchen.

Turkish can simply say:

• Malzemeler mutfakta.

The idea of are is understood automatically.

This is very common in Turkish nominal sentences:

• Ben öğrenciyim. = I am a student.
• Hava güzel. = The weather is nice.
• Anahtar masada. = The key is on the table.

So mutfakta works as the predicate, and no separate word for are is needed.

Turkish often puts descriptive parts before the noun they describe, and the predicate commonly comes at the end.

English:

• The ingredients needed for this recipe are in the kitchen.

Turkish:

• Bu tarif için gereken malzemeler mutfakta.

A rough structural view:

• Bu tarif için = for this recipe
• gereken = needed
• malzemeler = ingredients
• mutfakta = in the kitchen

So Turkish builds the noun phrase first:

• bu tarif için gereken malzemeler = the ingredients needed for this recipe

Then it gives the location:

• mutfakta = in the kitchen

This is a very normal Turkish pattern.

You could move mutfakta earlier for emphasis, but the most neutral version is:

• Bu tarif için gereken malzemeler mutfakta.

If you say:

• Mutfakta bu tarif için gereken malzemeler.

it sounds incomplete or unusual by itself in standard neutral speech.

A better emphatic reordering would be something like:

• Bu tarif için gereken malzemeler mutfakta.
  neutral
• Bu tarif için gereken malzemeler mutfakta, dolapta değil.
  emphasis/contrast: ...are in the kitchen, not in the cupboard
• Mutfakta bu tarif için gereken malzemeler var.
  In the kitchen, there are the ingredients needed for this recipe

So yes, Turkish word order is flexible, but not every rearrangement sounds equally natural in isolation.

Turkish has no direct equivalent of English articles like the and a/an.

So:

• malzemeler can mean ingredients
• and in context it can also be understood as the ingredients

In this sentence, the phrase is specific because it is defined by the modifier:

• bu tarif için gereken malzemeler
• the ingredients needed for this recipe

So even without a word for the, the meaning is naturally specific.

Yes, it is natural and correct.

It sounds like something you might say when telling someone where the ingredients are:

• Bu tarif için gereken malzemeler mutfakta.

Depending on style, a speaker might also say:

• Bu tarif için gerekli malzemeler mutfakta.
• Bu tarifin malzemeleri mutfakta.
• Bu tarif için gereken malzemeler mutfakta bulunuyor.
  a bit more formal

But your original sentence is perfectly normal everyday Turkish.