Learn Hardcore Turkish: Sonuçta yağmur durdu ve biz parka gittik. - In the end, the rain stopped and we went to the park.

All of those are possible, depending on context. Literally it’s “in/at the result” (sonuç + locative -ta), and it functions as a sentence adverb:

In narratives: “in the end, eventually, finally.”
In reasoning: “as a result, after all.” Here it reads most naturally as “in the end/eventually.” Close alternatives: sonunda, en sonunda, nihayet, sonuç olarak.

Do I need a comma after Sonuçta?

It’s optional. Many writers put a comma after a sentence-opening adverb: Sonuçta, yağmur durdu... Not using a comma is also common. Both are acceptable in contemporary usage.

Why is there no article before yağmur?

Turkish doesn’t have articles like “the” or “a.” Bare nouns cover both definite and indefinite meanings. yağmur can mean “rain” or “the rain,” depending on context. In this sentence, the context makes it “the rain.”

Is yağmur durdu the most natural way to say “the rain stopped”? Are there alternatives?

It’s common and correct. Other natural options:

Yağmur dindi. (very idiomatic for precipitation easing/stopping)
Yağmur kesildi. (stopped, often with a sense of cutting off/abruptness)
Yağış durdu. (more formal: “the precipitation stopped”) All are fine; nuance is minor in everyday speech.

What is the grammar of durdu?

Verb: durmak (to stop, intransitive)
Tense: simple past -DI
Person/number: 3rd singular (no extra ending)
Vowel harmony: the past suffix surfaces as -du because the last vowel of the stem (dur-) is back/rounded (u). So: dur- + -du → durdu “(it) stopped.”

Why does gitmek become gittik? Where does the double t come from?

Forming the simple past with a 1st-person plural ending:

Stem: git-
Past: -DI (becomes -TI after a voiceless consonant like t)
1pl: -k Assimilation gives: git- + -ti + -k → gittik (“we went”). The double t is due to the stem ending in t plus the voiceless past suffix -ti.

Why is biz written when gittik already shows “we”?

Subject pronouns are usually optional because the verb ending encodes person/number. Including biz adds emphasis or clarifies a subject change: “the rain stopped and we (as opposed to others) went to the park.” You could also say: Sonuçta yağmur durdu ve parka gittik.

What case is parka, and why is it -a instead of -e?

It’s the dative case (“to/toward”), required by gitmek when expressing a destination. Dative is -a / -e by vowel harmony:

If the last vowel of the noun is a/ı/o/u → -a
If it’s e/i/ö/ü → -e The last vowel of park is a, so it’s parka (“to the park”).

Why not parkaya? When do I add the buffer letter y?

Add buffer y only when the word ends in a vowel:

bina → binaya (to the building)
kedi → kediye (to the cat) Since park ends in a consonant, no buffer is needed: parka.

Should park soften to parğa when I add a vowel-initial suffix?

No. Some words ending in -p/ç/t/k soften to -b/c/d/ğ before vowel-initial suffixes (e.g., kitap → kitabı, renk → rengi, çocuk → çocuğu). But many loanwords and certain nouns do not soften. park stays park-: parka, parkı, parktan.

Can I drop ve and just use a comma, like in English?

Generally no. Turkish prefers an explicit conjunction between independent clauses. Use ve, or restructure:

Yağmur durunca parka gittik. (“Once the rain stopped, we went to the park.”)
Yağmur durduktan sonra parka gittik. (“After the rain stopped, we went to the park.”)

Could I say Yağmur durunca parka gittik? Does it mean the same?

Yes. -ınca/-ince creates a “when/once” clause. It slightly tightens the causal-temporal link: “When the rain stopped, we went to the park.” The meaning is very close to the original coordination with ve.

What’s the difference between durdu and durmuş here?

durdu (simple past -DI): witnessed/definite past; the speaker presents it as a known, completed fact.
durmuş (inferential/hearsay past -miş): implies you inferred it or heard about it, or you’re softening the assertion. Similarly, gittik vs. gitmişiz carries the same distinction.

Is there any rule about commas before ve?

Normally, no comma before ve when it links two clauses or items. A comma can appear for readability in very long clauses, but standard practice is to omit it: ... durdu ve biz parka gittik.

Could I use biz de instead of ve biz?

Yes, with a nuance shift. Biz de (with the clitic de/da “also/too/and then”) often reads as “we too/and then we”:

Yağmur durdu, biz de parka gittik. = “The rain stopped, and then we went to the park / we, too, went to the park.” Use ve biz for neutral coordination; biz de adds a light “also/then” flavor.

How is yağmur pronounced, and what about the cluster in Sonuçta?

yağmur: the letter ğ lengthens the preceding vowel; it’s not a hard “g.” So it’s roughly “yaamur.”
Sonuçta: çt is pronounced smoothly as “ch” + “t” (no extra vowel in between): so-nuch-ta.

Could parka be misunderstood as the clothing item “parka”?

In isolation, parka can be the English loanword for the coat. But in this sentence, parka gittik (“we went to the park”) clearly signals the dative of park. Context disambiguates it.