Otuz öğrenci sınıfta kitap okuyor.

Thirty students are reading books in the classroom.

Breakdown of Otuz öğrenci sınıfta kitap okuyor.

• kitap: the book
• okumak: to read
• sınıf: the classroom
• öğrenci: the student
• -ta: in
• otuz: thirty

Questions & Answers about Otuz öğrenci sınıfta kitap okuyor.

Why doesn’t öğrenci take a plural suffix even though it refers to 30 students?

In Turkish, when a noun is directly quantified by a numeral (here otuz = “thirty”), the noun remains in its singular form. You do not add the plural marker -ler/-lar after numerals. Thus you say otuz öğrenci rather than otuz öğrenciler.

Why isn’t the object kitap marked with the accusative suffix -ı (i.e. kitabı)?

Turkish distinguishes between definite and indefinite objects. Definite (specific) objects get the accusative suffix -ı/-i/-u/-ü, while indefinite or general objects remain unmarked. In otuz öğrenci sınıfta kitap okuyor, kitap is indefinite (“reading a book/some books”), so no accusative suffix appears.

What does the suffix -ta in sınıfta mean?

The suffix -ta is the locative case ending, meaning “in/at/on.” It attaches to sınıf (“class”) to form sınıfta, i.e. “in the classroom.” Because sınıf ends in the voiceless consonant f, we use the voiceless variant -ta (rather than -da).

Why is the verb okuyor not okuyorlar? Shouldn’t it agree in number with the plural subject?

Although Turkish verbs normally agree in person and number, when the subject is explicitly stated, the third-person plural suffix -lar/-ler on the verb is optional. With an overt plural subject (öğrenci here is understood as plural due to otuz), you can either say okuyor or okuyorlar. The shorter form okuyor is more common in everyday speech.

How is okuyor formed from the infinitive okumak (“to read”)?

1. Drop -mak to get the root oku-.
2. Add the progressive marker -yor (with vowel harmony it becomes oku+yor → okuyor).
3. Optionally you can view a third-person singular suffix -(u)r merging here, but modern Turkish usually shows just okuyor.
   Result: okuyor = “(he/she/it) is reading.”

Is the word order fixed in this sentence, and why is sınıfta placed before kitap?

Turkish word order is relatively flexible, but the neutral pattern is Subject–Adverbial–Object–Verb (S-A-O-V). In Otuz öğrenci sınıfta kitap okuyor:
• Otuz öğrenci = subject
• sınıfta = adverbial (location)
• kitap = object
• okuyor = verb
You could front sınıfta for emphasis (e.g. Sınıfta otuz öğrenci kitap okuyor), but the given order is the unmarked, most natural sequence.