Breakdown of Sis sabah erken saatlerde yoğunlaşıyor.
sabah
the morning
erken
early
saat
the hour
-de
in
sis
the fog
yoğunlaşmak
to intensify
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Questions & Answers about Sis sabah erken saatlerde yoğunlaşıyor.
What does sis mean here and is it countable?
Sis means fog. It is a mass noun in Turkish and generally uncountable, so you don’t use a plural form like sisler for fog in general.
Why is sabah used without any suffix? Could we say sabahda or sabahın erken saatlerinde instead?
Sabah here functions as a time adverb meaning in the morning and often appears without a suffix. You could also say sabahda (colloquial locative) or more formally sabahın erken saatlerinde, using the genitive -ın plus locative -de, but sabah erken saatlerde is concise and common.
Why is saatlerde plural with the locative suffix -de?
In erken saatlerde, saat (hour) is made plural (saatler) to refer to a range of hours, and -de marks the locative case meaning in/at. So saatlerde means during the hours (of early morning).
What does erken saatlerde mean exactly? Why not just erken saat?
Erken saatlerde literally means in early hours or during early hours. You use the plural saatlerde to indicate a period spanning several hours. Saying erken saat would refer to a single early hour, which is less natural when describing fog intensifying over a span of time.
Why is yoğunlaşıyor used instead of yoğun or yoğunlaşmış?
Yoğun is an adjective meaning dense, and yoğunlaşmış is the past participle has become dense. Yoğunlaşıyor is the present continuous form of the verb yoğunlaşmak (to become dense/intensify), so it means is intensifying or becomes denser. It fits here to describe an ongoing or habitual process.
What is the tense and aspect expressed by the suffix -ıyor in yoğunlaşıyor?
The suffix -ıyor marks the present continuous tense in Turkish, indicating an action or process that is currently ongoing or repeats habitually. In this sentence, it conveys that fog intensifies regularly during early morning hours.
How flexible is the word order in this sentence? Could I say Sis yoğunlaşıyor sabah erken saatlerde?
Turkish has relatively flexible word order, but placing time expressions (like sabah erken saatlerde) before the verb is most natural. Sis sabah erken saatlerde yoğunlaşıyor and Sabah erken saatlerde sis yoğunlaşıyor both sound idiomatic. Sis yoğunlaşıyor sabah erken saatlerde is grammatically correct but less common, as verbs typically appear at the end of the clause.
How would you express the same idea in past or future tense?
Past tense: Sis sabah erken saatlerde yoğunlaştı.
Future tense: Sis sabah erken saatlerde yoğunlaşacak.