Learn Hardcore Turkish: Kardeşimi yanlışlıkla incittim, ona hemen özür mesajı gönderdim. - I accidentally hurt my sibling, so I immediately sent him an apology message.

“Kardeşimi” comes from the noun “kardeş” (sibling). The word includes both a possessive suffix and an accusative case marker. The “-im” shows that it means “my sibling,” and the final “-i” marks it as a definite direct object. This tells you that the sibling is the one being affected by the action.

What is the meaning and function of “yanlışlıkla” in the sentence?

“Yanlışlıkla” is an adverb meaning “accidentally” or “by accident.” It qualifies the verb “incittim,” indicating that the hurt was unintentional. This helps clarify that the action was done without deliberate intent.

How is the verb “incittim” formed, and what does it tell us about the subject?

“Incittim” is the first-person singular simple past form of the verb “incitmek” (to hurt/injure). The ending “-tim” shows that the speaker is referring to themselves (“I hurt”). In Turkish, the subject is often omitted because the verb ending makes it clear who is performing the action.

Why is the subject not explicitly mentioned in this sentence?

Turkish frequently omits subject pronouns because the verb conjugations provide enough information about the subject. In “incittim,” the “-tim” ending clearly indicates that the subject is “I,” so it isn’t necessary to include the pronoun.

What role does “ona” play in the second clause?

“Ona” is a dative pronoun meaning “to him/her.” It indicates the recipient of the action in the second clause—specifically, the person to whom the apology message is sent. In this context, it refers back to the sibling mentioned earlier.

What does “özür mesajı” mean, and why is it significant?

“Özür mesajı” translates to “apology message.” Its inclusion in the sentence shows that the speaker took immediate corrective action by sending an apology message right after the incident, emphasizing responsibility and promptness in making amends.

What is the purpose of the comma in this sentence?

The comma separates two closely related clauses. The first clause explains that the speaker accidentally hurt their sibling, while the second clause details the immediate action of sending an apology message. This punctuation helps clarify the sequence of events and maintain clear, organized information.