Learn Hardcore Turkish: Turnuvada birinci olan takıma büyük bir kupa verildi. - A big trophy was given to the team that came first in the tournament.

Turnuva means "tournament" in Turkish, and the suffix -da is the locative marker meaning "in" or "at." Together, turnuvada translates as "in the tournament."

What does the phrase birinci olan mean and how is it constructed?

Birinci translates as "first," and olan is used as a relative clause marker that turns the adjective into a descriptor. When combined, birinci olan means "the one that was first" or more naturally "the team that came first" when it modifies takıma.

Why is takıma in the dative case, and what does this indicate?

In Turkish, the dative case (here marked by the suffix -a) is used to show the indirect object or the recipient of an action. Takım means "team," so takıma literally means "to the team." This form indicates that the team is the recipient of the given prize.

How is the passive voice used in this sentence, specifically in the form verildi?

The verb verildi is the past passive form of vermek (to give). In Turkish passive constructions, the focus is on the receiver of the action rather than the doer. Here, the giver is not mentioned because the sentence emphasizes that a big cup was given to the team without specifying who gave it.

What does büyük bir kupa mean in the context of the sentence?

Büyük means "big," bir is the indefinite article "a," and kupa means "cup." In context, büyük bir kupa refers to "a big cup," often understood as a trophy awarded to the winning team.

Why does the relative clause birinci olan come before takıma, and how does this reflect Turkish sentence structure?

In Turkish, relative clauses typically precede the noun they modify. By placing birinci olan before takıma, the sentence directly qualifies the noun, meaning "the team that came first." This construction is a common feature of Turkish, where descriptive phrases or clauses come before the noun they describe.