Jag ska få håret klippt före mötet.

Because they do different jobs.

• ska is a modal verb. Here it shows a future plan or intention: am going to / will.
• få keeps its own meaning inside the expression få håret klippt.

So Jag ska få håret klippt is roughly I’m going to get/have my hair cut.

It can mean those things in other sentences, but here it is part of a very common Swedish pattern:

• få + object + participle

This pattern means get/have something done.

So:

• få håret klippt = get/have the hair cut
• få bilen lagad = get the car repaired
• få fönstren putsade = get the windows cleaned

So in this sentence, få does not mean be allowed to.

Because after modal verbs such as ska, kan, vill, måste, and bör, Swedish normally uses the bare infinitive, without att.

So you say:

• Jag ska få håret klippt
• Jag kan komma
• Hon vill läsa

not ska att få, kan att komma, and so on.

Because Swedish often uses the definite form with body parts when the owner is obvious.

So Swedish commonly says:

• klippa håret = cut my/your/his/her hair, depending on context
• tvätta händerna = wash my/your/their hands

Using mitt hår is possible, but it sounds more emphatic or contrastive, as if you are specifically stressing my hair rather than someone else’s.

Usually no.

få håret klippt strongly suggests that someone else will do the cutting, such as a hairdresser. It is like English get my hair cut.

If you want to say that you yourself will do the cutting, Jag ska klippa håret före mötet is more direct.

Because this construction uses a result form, not a plain infinitive.

The pattern is:

• få något gjort = get/have something done

So:

• få håret klippt = have the hair cut
• not have the hair to cut

That is why Swedish uses klippt here rather than klippa.

Yes, that is the most helpful way to understand it here.

In få + object + participle, the participle describes the result affecting the object:

• håret is the thing affected
• klippt describes it as cut

One thing that can confuse learners is that klippt also looks the same as the supine form used after har. But in this sentence, the easiest rule is to learn the whole pattern få något gjort.

Yes, this kind of participle can agree with the object, although with klippt that is not very obvious in the singular.

For this verb, the singular form is klippt. But with plural objects, you can clearly see agreement:

• Jag ska få naglarna klippta.
• Hon fick fåren klippta.

So agreement is part of the pattern, even if the form in this sentence does not show much variation.

Both are possible, but före is especially natural before a noun phrase like mötet.

A useful guideline is:

• före + noun: före mötet
• innan + clause: innan mötet börjar

So:

• före mötet = before the meeting
• innan mötet börjar = before the meeting starts

You may hear innan mötet in everyday speech too, but före mötet is very standard here.

Because it refers to a specific meeting: the meeting.

In Swedish, definiteness is usually shown by an ending on the noun:

• ett möte = a meeting
• mötet = the meeting

So före mötet means before the meeting, not before a meeting.

Yes. A very common alternative is:

• Jag ska klippa mig före mötet.

This often means I’m going to get a haircut before the meeting.

Another slightly fuller version is:

• Jag ska gå och klippa mig före mötet.

Compared with those, Jag ska få håret klippt före mötet focuses more on the idea of having the hair cut as a completed result.