Nilikuwa nikitazama runinga wakati ujumbe wa sauti uliingia kwenye simu yangu.

Breakdown of Nilikuwa nikitazama runinga wakati ujumbe wa sauti uliingia kwenye simu yangu.

mimi
I
simu
the phone
yangu
my
wa
of
wakati
when
kuingia
to enter
kutazama
to watch
runinga
the television
ujumbe
the message
sauti
the voice
kwenye
into
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Questions & Answers about Nilikuwa nikitazama runinga wakati ujumbe wa sauti uliingia kwenye simu yangu.

In nilikuwa nikitazama, what exactly does this tense/aspect combination express?

Nilikuwa nikitazama is the Swahili way of expressing a past continuous / past progressive action, like English "I was watching".

  • nilikuwa = I was (ni- = I, -li- = past, -kuwa = be)
  • nikitazama = (while) I was watching (ni- = I, -ki- = “while/when” marker, -tazama = watch)

Together, nilikuwa nikitazama puts an action in the background as something ongoing when another event happens (here: the voice message entering the phone).


Why do we need both nilikuwa and nikitazama? Could we just say nilitazama runinga wakati…?

You can say Nilitazama runinga wakati ujumbe wa sauti uliingia…, but the meaning changes slightly.

  • Nilikuwa nikitazama runinga…I was watching TV (at that moment) when… → emphasizes an action in progress.
  • Nilitazama runinga wakati…I watched TV when… → sounds more like a complete act, not clearly shown as ongoing/background.

In English you naturally say:

  • “I was watching TV when the voice message came in.”

So the Swahili past continuous nilikuwa nikitazama is the most natural match.


Why is -ki- used in nikitazama? Could I say nilikuwa natazama runinga instead?

-ki- here adds a “while/as” or “in progress” nuance:

  • nikitazama literally = (while) I watch / I am watching

After nilikuwa, this gives a very natural past progressive:
Nilikuwa nikitazama runinga… = I was watching TV…

You can also say:

  • Nilikuwa natazama runinga wakati ujumbe wa sauti uliingia…

This is also understood as I was watching TV when… and is common in speech.

Very roughly:

  • nilikuwa nikitazama → slightly more explicit “while I was watching”, often used when contrasting with another event.
  • nilikuwa natazama → more straightforward “I was watching”, without the extra “while” flavor.

Both are acceptable and would work in this sentence.


Does nikitazama here mean “if I watched” or “while I was watching”? I’ve seen -ki- used for conditionals.

-ki- can indeed be:

  • conditional: ukija = if/when you come
  • “while/when” in time clauses: alipika akisikiliza redio = he cooked while listening to the radio

In nilikuwa nikitazama runinga wakati…, the context and the presence of wakati (“when/while”) make nikitazama clearly “while I was watching”, not conditional.

So here -ki- is functioning as a “while/as” marker supporting the past continuous meaning.


What is the role of wakati in this sentence? Could we say wakati ambapo or change the order?

Wakati means “time / when / while”. In this sentence it introduces the event that happened during that time:

  • …wakati ujumbe wa sauti uliingia kwenye simu yangu.
    = …when a voice message came into my phone.

You have several stylistic options:

  • Wakati ujumbe wa sauti uliingia kwenye simu yangu, nilikuwa nikitazama runinga.
  • Nilikuwa nikitazama runinga wakati ambapo ujumbe wa sauti uliingia kwenye simu yangu.

wakati ambapo is a bit more formal or explicit, like saying “at the time when”. All of these orders are grammatical; they mainly change emphasis (whether you foreground the time clause or the action of watching TV).


How does agreement work between ujumbe wa sauti and uliingia? Why does the verb start with u-?

Swahili verbs agree with the noun class of their subject.

  • ujumbe (message) belongs to a class whose subject prefix in the singular is u-.
  • Therefore, the verb must begin with u- to show agreement:
    • ujumbe u-li-ingia
      subject‑prefix (u-) + past (‑li-) + verb (ingia)

So:

  • ujumbe wa sauti uliingia
    = the voice message entered (literally: message of voice it-entered).

If the subject were, say, simu (a class 9 noun), you would expect a i- subject prefix on the verb instead.


What does wa mean in ujumbe wa sauti? Why not just ujumbe sauti?

wa is the associative/possessive “of” that links two nouns in Swahili.

  • ujumbe wa sauti = message of voicevoice message

You cannot normally just put two nouns together like English “voice message”. You must use the -a connector, whose form changes according to the noun class of the first noun:

  • ujumbe (message) → takes wa
    • ujumbe wa sauti = voice message
  • simu (phone) → takes ya
    • simu ya ofisini = the office phone

So ujumbe sauti is ungrammatical; wa is obligatory here.


Why do we say kwenye simu yangu? Could we also use katika or kwa here?

All three are possible in different nuances:

  • kwenye simu yangu
    • very common, fairly neutral “in/on my phone”
    • often used for physical or virtual locations: kwenye kompyuta, kwenye akaunti
  • katika simu yangu
    • more formal/literary “in my phone”
    • still correct, just a bit stiffer in everyday speech
  • kwa simu yangu
    • usually means “by/using my phone” or related to my phone as a means or source (“by phone”)
    • not the best choice if you specifically mean the message entered into the phone’s inbox

For “came into my phone” (as in appeared in my inbox), kwenye simu yangu is the most idiomatic.


Why is it simu yangu but just runinga without yangu? Would runinga yangu also be correct?

Yes, runinga yangu (my TV) is correct. The difference is mostly like English:

  • Nilikuwa nikitazama runinga…
    = I was watching TV… (generic: TV as an activity)
  • Nilikuwa nikitazama runinga yangu…
    = I was watching my TV… (emphasizes ownership, maybe you have more than one TV or you’re contrasting with someone else’s)

In the sentence given, the speaker only needs to say they were watching TV, so runinga without a possessive is natural.

Simu yangu is specified as “my phone” because that detail matters (the message came to my phone, not just any phone).


Is there any difference between runinga and televisheni?

They both refer to television.

  • runinga
    • a more “pure Swahili” word, widely used especially in Tanzania and in more formal or official contexts (e.g. news, government broadcasts).
  • televisheni
    • a borrowing from English “television”, also common in everyday speech.
  • In very informal talk, people may even just say TV (tii-vii).

So you might hear:

  • Ninatazama runinga.
  • Ninaangalia televisheni.

Both are fine; choice depends on region, formality, and personal preference.


Could we say Nilikuwa naangalia runinga instead of Nilikuwa nikitazama runinga?

Yes:

  • Nilikuwa naangalia runinga wakati ujumbe wa sauti uliingia kwenye simu yangu.

is perfectly acceptable and will mean essentially the same thing.

Two small differences:

  1. Verb choice:
    • tazama and angalia both mean “look at / watch”, with angalia slightly more general (“look at, check, pay attention to”). In the context of TV, either is fine.
  2. Aspect marker:
    • na- in naangalia gives a straightforward progressive (“I was watching”).
    • ki- in nikitazama adds a “while/as” flavor and is often used where one action is happening as background to another.

In practice, for this sentence, both variants are natural.


Why is it simu yangu and not simu langu or simu wangu? How do possessive forms like -angu agree?

The possessive -angu (“my”) changes its initial consonant/vowel according to the noun class of the noun it follows.

  • simu is a class 9 noun.
  • Class 9 uses y- for -angu, so you get:
    • simu yangu = my phone

Some other examples for contrast:

  • mtoto wangu (my child) – class 1 → wangu
  • kitabu changu (my book) – class 7 → changu
  • gari langu (my car) – class 5 → langu

So simu langu or simu wangu are incorrect because they use the wrong possessive form for the class of simu.


If I want to emphasize “I”, where would mimi go in this sentence?

You normally put mimi before the verb to add emphasis:

  • Mimi nilikuwa nikitazama runinga wakati ujumbe wa sauti uliingia kwenye simu yangu.
    = I (as opposed to someone else) was watching TV when the voice message came in.

You could also put a pause or comma after mimi in speech or writing:

  • Mimi, nilikuwa nikitazama runinga…

The ni- in nilikuwa already encodes “I”, so mimi is only used for emphasis or contrast, not as a required subject pronoun.


Why use uliingia kwenye simu yangu (“entered my phone”) instead of ulikuja kwenye simu yangu or ulipatikana kwenye simu yangu?

Each verb has a different nuance:

  • kuingia = to enter, go in
    • ujumbe uliingia kwenye simu yangu → the message came in / entered my phone (as a new arrival in the inbox). Very idiomatic for messages, money into an account, etc.
  • kuja = to come
    • ujumbe ulichokuja kwenye simu yangu is less natural; kuja doesn’t strongly suggest entering a container/inbox.
  • kupatikana = to be found / be available / be obtained
    • ujumbe ulipatikana kwenye simu yangu = the message could be found / was available on my phone; this focuses on availability, not on the moment of arrival.

Because the sentence describes the moment the message arrived, kuingia is the best choice.