Learn Hardcore Spanish (Spain): Mi hermana compra una camisa blanca y unos pantalones cómodos. - My sister buys a white shirt and comfortable trousers.

It’s the present indicative, third person singular of comprar. In context it can mean either “she buys” (habitual) or “she is buying” (right now). Spanish often uses the simple present for actions happening now as well as for habits and near-future plans.

Could I say Mi hermana está comprando instead of Mi hermana compra?

Yes. Está comprando emphasizes that the action is in progress at this very moment. Compra is more neutral and can describe a current, habitual, or scheduled action. Both are correct; choose based on the nuance you want.

Why is there no ella? Why does the subject pronoun get dropped?

Spanish is a “null-subject” language. The verb ending in compra already tells you it’s third person singular, so ella is optional. You could add Ella for emphasis or contrast, but it isn’t required.

Why mi and not mí?

Mi (no accent) is a possessive adjective meaning “my,” as in mi hermana.
Mí (with accent) is a stressed object pronoun used after prepositions, as in para mí or a mí.

Why una for camisa and unos for pantalones?

Agreement:

Camisa is feminine singular → una.
Pantalones is masculine plural → unos.

Note that unos can mean “some,” but with clothing like pantalones it often refers to a single pair.

Why is pantalones plural if it’s just one pair?

Garments that come in pairs (trousers, scissors) are commonly plural in Spanish. For one pair you can say either unos pantalones (very common in Spain) or un pantalón (also correct, a bit more “item-counting” in feel).

Why do the adjectives come after the nouns (camisa blanca, pantalones cómodos)?

Descriptive adjectives usually follow the noun in Spanish. Putting them before the noun is possible but tends to be literary, emphatic, or changes the meaning with certain adjectives (e.g., gran vs grande, buen vs bueno). Here, post-nominal placement is the normal, neutral choice.

How does adjective agreement work in blanca and cómodos?

Adjectives agree in gender and number:

Camisa (feminine singular) → blanca.
Pantalones (masculine plural) → cómodos. If it were one shirt and one pair of trousers: una camisa blanca y un pantalón cómodo.

Why does cómodos have an accent?

Stress rules. Words ending in -s are normally stressed on the penultimate syllable (co-MO-dos). But the correct stress is on the first syllable: CÓ-mo-dos. The written accent on có marks that irregular stress: cómodos.

Should y change to e anywhere here?

No. Y changes to e only before words starting with the “i/hi” sound, e.g., español e inglés, padres e hijos. Here it’s y unos, so it stays y.

Can I drop the articles and say Mi hermana compra camisa blanca y pantalones cómodos?

Singular countable nouns normally need an article, so compra camisa is not natural.
Plural indefinite nouns can sometimes omit the article to speak generally: compra camisas y pantalones (she buys shirts and pants, in general). In a specific purchase, keep una and usually keep unos.

Is it okay to omit just unos and say …y pantalones cómodos?

Yes, that’s quite common: Mi hermana compra una camisa blanca y pantalones cómodos. Omitting unos makes the plural more generic/non-specific. Using unos can feel a bit more like “a (particular) pair of.” Both are fine.

What’s the difference between camisa and camiseta?

Camisa = a collared, button-up shirt (often long-sleeved).
Camiseta = a T-shirt.
So camisa blanca is a white button-up shirt; a white T-shirt would be camiseta blanca.

What word would people in Spain use for jeans?

Vaqueros is the common word in Spain for jeans: unos vaqueros. Pantalones is generic “trousers/pants,” and you’d specify type if needed: pantalones de vestir (dress pants), pantalones deportivos (sweatpants), etc.

Could I say Mi hermana se compra una camisa…? What does the se add?

Yes. In Spain it’s common to use the pronominal form comprarse to emphasize the purchase is for oneself (often with a hint of treating oneself).

Compra = she buys (neutral).
Se compra = she buys for herself / she’s getting herself.

Why isn’t there a personal a before mi hermana?

Because mi hermana is the subject, not the direct object. The personal a marks a specific person as a direct object: Veo a mi hermana. Here, the direct objects are una camisa blanca and unos pantalones cómodos, which are inanimate, so no a is used.

If I want the adjective to apply to both nouns, how do I do that?

Placing one adjective after the second noun can, in principle, modify both, and it will go to masculine plural if genders differ: una camisa y unos pantalones cómodos. However, many listeners will read it as modifying only the second noun. For clarity, repeat or restructure:

Una camisa cómoda y unos pantalones cómodos.
Prendas cómodas: una camisa y unos pantalones.

How would the sentence change for the plural subject “my sisters”?

Subject and any affected words go plural:
Mis hermanas compran una camisa blanca y unos pantalones cómodos.
If each sister is buying multiple items you might make the objects plural too: unas camisas blancas y unos pantalones cómodos. Context decides.