Esa lucha causó presión.

Because lucha is a feminine singular noun in Spanish, so the demonstrative has to agree with it:

• esta / esa / aquella for feminine singular
• este / ese / aquel for masculine singular

So:

• esa lucha = correct
• ese lucha = incorrect

Agreement in gender and number is very important in Spanish.

Esa means that.

Spanish has a three-way distinction that English often does not keep so clearly:

• esta = this
• esa = that
• aquella = that over there / that one further away

Very roughly:

• esta lucha = this struggle
• esa lucha = that struggle
• aquella lucha = that struggle over there / that more distant struggle

In modern usage, the exact sense can be physical distance, emotional distance, or something already mentioned in conversation.

Causó is the preterite form of the verb causar.

It is:

• third person singular
• in the preterite
• meaning caused

So Esa lucha causó presión means that the struggle caused pressure as a completed event in the past.

The relevant forms are:

• yo causé
• tú causaste
• él / ella / usted causó
• nosotros causamos
• vosotros causasteis
• ellos / ellas / ustedes causaron

The accent mark shows the stress and also helps distinguish forms.

• causó = he/she/it caused
• causo = I cause

So the accent is important because it changes both pronunciation and meaning.

With the accent, the stress falls on the last syllable:

• cau-SÓ

Without it, causo would normally be stressed differently:

• CAU-so

Because Spanish often leaves out the article when talking about something in a general or indefinite way.

So:

• causó presión = caused pressure
• causó la presión = caused the pressure

The version without the article sounds like pressure in general, not a specific previously identified pressure.

This is similar to English, where we often say:

• It caused pressure not necessarily
• It caused the pressure

Both can be possible in Spanish, but they do not mean exactly the same thing.

In Spain Spanish, a typical pronunciation would be approximately:

EH-sa LOO-cha kau-SOH pre-SYON

A few key points:

• esa: EH-sa
• lucha: LOO-cha
• causó: kau-SOH
• presión: pre-SYON

For Spain specifically, note this:

• The z sound in many parts of Spain is pronounced like the th in thin
• But this sentence has no z
• The c in causó is pronounced like a normal k sound because it comes before a

Also, presión has stress on the last syllable because of the written accent.

It can mean both, depending on context.

Lucha can refer to:

• a literal fight
• a struggle
• a conflict
• an effort against something

For example:

• la lucha política = the political struggle
• la lucha contra la pobreza = the fight against poverty
• una lucha interna = an internal struggle

So in a sentence like Esa lucha causó presión, lucha could be physical or metaphorical depending on the wider context.

Yes, it is grammatical and understandable.

That said, whether it sounds fully natural depends on the context. Spanish speakers might also say:

• Esa lucha provocó presión
• Esa lucha generó presión
• Esa lucha creó presión

These alternatives can sound a little more idiomatic in some contexts, especially abstract or formal ones.

Still, causó presión is absolutely valid Spanish.

Yes, Spanish word order is more flexible than English, although the basic order here is very normal:

• Esa lucha causó presión

This is the standard subject + verb + object order.

Other orders are possible, but they usually change the emphasis. For example:

• Presión causó esa lucha = unusual and would sound marked or poetic in most contexts
• Esa lucha la causó la presión = means something different: That struggle was caused by the pressure

So while Spanish allows flexibility, the original order is the most straightforward and neutral one.

Because causó and ha causado are different past tenses.

• causó = preterite, a finished past action
• ha causado = present perfect, often connected to the present in some way

In Spain Spanish, the present perfect is often used for recent past events connected to the present:

• Esta mañana ha causado problemas = This morning it has caused problems

But causó is used for a completed past event, especially if it is seen as a finished whole.

So the sentence with causó presents the causing as a completed event in the past.

Yes. All three are possible, but they point to different things:

• Esta lucha = this struggle
• Esa lucha = that struggle
• Aquella lucha = that struggle over there / that more distant struggle

The rest of the sentence stays the same. Only the demonstrative changes according to what you want to refer to.