El portavoz del equipo anota la respuesta para el punto extra.

Del is the normal contraction of de + el.

• del equipo = of the team
• You usually must contract de + el to del

So:

• el portavoz del equipo = the spokesperson of the team / the team spokesperson

A common exception is when El is part of a proper name, such as de El Escorial.

Yes. Portavoz is a noun that often stays the same in form for both masculine and feminine; the article shows the gender:

• el portavoz = the male spokesperson
• la portavoz = the female spokesperson

So if the spokesperson were a woman, you could say:

• La portavoz del equipo anota la respuesta para el punto extra.

Portavoz means spokesperson or spokesman/spokeswoman.

It comes from:

• portar = to carry
• voz = voice

So the idea is literally someone who carries the voice of a group.

Anotar usually means to write down, to note, or to record something.
Escribir is the more general verb to write.

So here:

• anota la respuesta = writes down the answer / notes down the answer
• escribe la respuesta would also be possible, but it focuses more simply on the act of writing

In many contexts, anotar suggests recording something for a purpose, which fits well here.

It can mean both, depending on context.

• anotar un número = to write down a number
• anotar un gol / un punto = to score a goal / a point

In this sentence, because the object is la respuesta, the meaning is clearly writes down or records, not scores.

Spanish often uses the definite article where English might or might not use the.
Here, la respuesta refers to a specific answer in the situation.

• anota la respuesta = writes down the answer

Without the article, anota respuesta, the sentence would sound wrong in standard Spanish.

Para here expresses purpose or goal:

• para el punto extra = for the extra point

The idea is that the answer is being written down in order to get or for the sake of the extra point.

This is why para works better than por here.
Por would usually suggest cause, exchange, movement through, and other meanings, not this idea of purpose.

Literally, it means the extra point.

Depending on context, it could mean:

• a bonus point
• an extra point
• a point awarded in a quiz, game, or classroom activity

In natural English, bonus point is often the most idiomatic translation, but extra point is also perfectly understandable.

Yes, but this is the most neutral and natural order:

• Subject: El portavoz del equipo
• Verb: anota
• Object: la respuesta
• Purpose phrase: para el punto extra

Spanish word order is flexible, but this sentence follows the standard pattern and sounds very natural.

You might change the order for emphasis, for example:

• La respuesta la anota el portavoz del equipo.
  This puts more emphasis on the answer.

But the original sentence is the plain, straightforward version.

No. Equipo can mean many kinds of team, not only a sports team.

For example:

• el equipo de fútbol = the football team
• el equipo de trabajo = the work team
• el equipo médico = the medical team

So in this sentence, equipo could be a quiz team, classroom team, sports team, or any other group.

Not necessarily only right now. The Spanish present tense can be used in several ways, including:

• something happening now
• a habitual action
• a narration or instruction style

So anota could mean:

• is writing down
• writes down
• writes

The exact English translation depends on context. If this is describing what happens in a game or activity, the Spanish present is very natural.

Yes. In English, both are possible:

• the spokesperson of the team
• the team's spokesperson

The second one often sounds more natural in everyday English.
In Spanish, possession like this is very often expressed with de:

• el portavoz del equipo

So even if English prefers team's, Spanish commonly uses del equipo.