El ensayo técnico incluye un cambio de escena.

Because ensayo is a masculine noun in Spanish, so it takes the masculine article el and the masculine form of the adjective técnico.

• el ensayo
• el ensayo técnico

In Spanish, adjectives usually agree in gender and number with the noun they describe.

Here, ensayo means rehearsal.

That is a useful word to know because ensayo can also mean essay in other contexts. Spanish often uses the same word for both ideas, so you understand the exact meaning from context.

In this sentence, because we are talking about un cambio de escena, it clearly means a rehearsal, specifically a technical one.

In Spanish, most descriptive adjectives normally come after the noun.

So:

• ensayo técnico = technical rehearsal
• literally, something like rehearsal technical

This is the normal word order in Spanish. Putting the adjective before the noun is sometimes possible, but it usually changes the tone or meaning and would not be the normal choice here.

The accent mark in técnico shows where the stress goes:

• TÉC-ni-co

Without the accent, the pronunciation rules of Spanish would suggest a different stress pattern. The written accent makes the correct pronunciation clear.

Because incluye is the conjugated form of the verb incluir.

The subject is El ensayo técnico, which is third person singular, so the verb must match it:

• incluir = to include
• incluye = includes

So:

• El ensayo técnico incluye... = The technical rehearsal includes...

Yes, it has a small spelling change compared with the infinitive incluir.

Present tense of incluir:

• yo incluyo
• tú incluyes
• él/ella/usted incluye
• nosotros incluimos
• vosotros incluís
• ellos/ellas/ustedes incluyen

You can see the y appearing in several forms. This happens with some verbs ending in -uir.

Because cambio is a countable singular noun, and here it means a change.

So:

• un cambio = a change

Spanish often uses the indefinite article where English would too. Since cambio is masculine singular, the correct article is un.

Literally, it means change of scene.

This is a very common Spanish structure:

• noun + de + noun

Here:

• cambio = change
• de = of
• escena = scene

So un cambio de escena means a scene change.

Spanish often uses de where English prefers to put one noun in front of another:

• cambio de escena = scene change
• literally: change of scene

Because Spanish often leaves out the article in this kind of general category phrase.

• cambio de escena = scene change / a change of scene

If you said de la escena, it would sound more like you are talking about a specific scene:

• un cambio de la escena = a change to the scene / a change involving the scene

So de escena is the natural choice for the general theatrical idea of a scene change.

Possibly in some contexts, but it is not the same as the standard expression here.

Cambio de escena is the normal and clear way to say scene change in theatre.
Escénico relates to the stage or staging, so cambio escénico would sound less standard for this exact meaning.

For a learner, cambio de escena is the safest and most natural expression.

A simple pronunciation guide would be:

el en-SA-yo TEK-ni-ko in-KLU-ye un KAM-byo de es-SE-na

A few useful points for Spain:

• c before e in escena is pronounced with the th sound of think in much of Spain.
• ll in ensayo is usually pronounced like a y sound.
• The stress falls on:
  • ensayo → SA
  • técnico → TÉC
  • incluye → CLU
  • cambio → CAM
  • escena → CE

Not perfectly.

A very literal version is:

• The technical rehearsal includes a change of scene.

But natural English may prefer:

• The technical rehearsal includes a scene change.

This is a good example of how Spanish often uses de phrases where English prefers a noun used as an adjective.

The subject is El ensayo técnico.

That is the thing doing the action of the verb:

• El ensayo técnico = subject
• incluye = verb
• un cambio de escena = direct object

So the structure is:

[Subject] + [Verb] + [Object]

which is a very normal Spanish sentence pattern.