Catorce es más que trece.

Es is the third-person singular form of ser (to be). In this sentence, the subject is catorce (fourteen), which is treated as singular, so Spanish uses es:

• Catorce es... = Fourteen is...

This is the normal way to make an equation- or fact-type statement in Spanish.

When Spanish uses numbers as abstract ideas or values, they are usually treated as singular nouns.

So:

• Catorce es más que trece.
• Dos es un número par.
• Mil es mucho.

Even though numbers can refer to more than one thing in other contexts, here they are just being discussed as numbers themselves.

Spanish usually uses más que for direct comparisons:

• Catorce es más que trece. = Fourteen is more than thirteen.
• Juan tiene más dinero que Ana.

Use más de mainly with amounts, quantities, or expressions of excess, not with this kind of comparison:

• Tengo más de veinte libros. = I have more than twenty books.
• Trabajó más de ocho horas.

So here, because one number is being compared directly to another, más que is correct.

The accent mark shows that más means more.

This is important because mas without an accent is a different word, meaning but, and it sounds formal or old-fashioned in many contexts.

Compare:

• más = more
• mas = but

So in this sentence, the accent is required: más.

When Spanish talks about numbers in a general or abstract way, it usually does not use an article.

So:

• Catorce es más que trece.

not normally:

• El catorce es más que el trece.

You might hear articles in special contexts, though, such as when talking about a specific number in a list, on a jersey, in a lottery, or in a ranking:

• El catorce salió premiado.
• Prefiero el trece al catorce.

But for a basic mathematical fact, no article is the normal choice.

Yes, but más que is the simpler and more natural choice for beginners when comparing numbers as quantities.

• Catorce es más que trece. = very natural
• Catorce es mayor que trece. = also possible, especially in mathematical or formal contexts

Mayor que often means greater than, older than, or bigger than, depending on context. For pure number comparison, both can work, but más que is very straightforward.

A common Latin American pronunciation is roughly:

kah-TOR-seh

A few details:

• ca sounds like ka
• tor has a tapped or light r
• ce in Latin America sounds like seh

In IPA, a common pronunciation is /kaˈtoɾ.se/.

The stress falls on tor: ca-TOR-ce.

A common Latin American pronunciation is roughly:

TREH-seh

In IPA, commonly /ˈtɾe.se/.

A few points:

• tr is said together, not like English ch
• ce in Latin America sounds like seh
• The stress is on the first syllable: TRE-ce

In most of Latin America, the letters z and soft c (before e or i) are pronounced like s.

So:

• trece sounds like TRE-se
• catorce sounds like ka-TOR-se

In much of Spain, those same sounds are often pronounced with a th-like sound:

• trece ≈ TRE-the
• catorce ≈ ka-TOR-the

Since you are learning Latin American Spanish, the s sound is what you want here.

This word order is perfectly normal in Spanish. It follows a basic pattern:

[subject] + [verb] + [comparison]

So:

• Catorce = subject
• es = is
• más que trece = more than thirteen

Spanish can also express mathematical ideas in other ways, but this version is simple, natural, and easy to understand.

Yes, in meaning, it is essentially the spoken version of that comparison.

If you are reading math symbols out loud, Spanish often uses:

• Catorce es mayor que trece.

But in normal speech, Catorce es más que trece is also understandable and correct as a comparison of quantity.

No, not in a normal full sentence like this. Spanish needs the verb es here.

• Correct: Catorce es más que trece.
• Not correct as a full sentence: Catorce más que trece.

Without es, it sounds incomplete.

Not in this kind of sentence. Catorce and trece stay the same.

Unlike adjectives, these number words do not change for gender here:

• catorce libros
• catorce casas
• trece estudiantes

They are invariable in this use.

In Spanish, the idea of more than is usually expressed as a unit: más que.

So instead of translating word by word:

• more = más
• than = que in comparisons

Spanish packages the comparison as:

• más que = more than

This is very common:

• más que = more than
• menos que = less than
• tan... como = as... as

Yes, but it sounds most natural in a mathematical, teaching, or logical context.

For example:

• explaining numbers to a child
• comparing values
• reading a simple math fact

In everyday conversation, people would usually compare actual things rather than the numbers themselves:

• Tengo más libros que tú.
• Quince minutos es más que diez.

So the sentence is correct, but it is especially natural in a numbers or math context.