Утром я разрезала булку и намазала на неё масло.

Утром is the instrumental singular of утро.

In Russian, some time expressions use the instrumental case adverbially:

• утром = in the morning
• днём = in the daytime / during the day
• вечером = in the evening
• ночью = at night

So утром does not mean a literal with the morning here; it simply functions as a fixed time expression meaning in the morning.

Because they are past tense feminine singular forms.

In Russian past tense, verbs agree in gender and number:

• разрезал, намазал = a man did it
• разрезала, намазала = a woman did it
• разрезало, намазало = neuter
• разрезали, намазали = plural

So this sentence tells you the speaker is female.

They describe completed actions in sequence:

• first she cut the roll
• then she spread butter on it

Perfective verbs are very common when narrating a one-time chain of finished events.

Here, разрезала and намазала present the actions as done and completed.

If you wanted to focus on process or habit instead, Russian would usually prefer imperfective wording, for example in a different sentence such as:

• По утрам я резала булку и мазала её маслом.

That sounds more like a repeated routine or ongoing action.

Because булку is the accusative case, used for the direct object of разрезала.

The basic form is:

• булка = a roll / loaf / bun

But as a singular feminine noun ending in -а, it changes to -у in the accusative:

• булка → булку

So:

• я разрезала булку = I cut the roll / loaf

Булка usually refers to a bread roll, bun, or sometimes a small loaf of bread, depending on context and region.

It is not exactly the same as хлеб, which is the broader word for bread.

So in this sentence, булку could be understood as something like:

• a bread roll
• a small loaf
• a piece of bread of that type

The exact English word depends on the context.

There are two things happening here.

1. The pronoun refers to булку, which is feminine.
So the pronoun must also be feminine: она → её / неё / ней, depending on case.

2. After the preposition на, the case changes based on meaning.

• на неё = onto it / onto her → accusative, showing direction or placement
• на ней = on it / on her → prepositional, showing location

Here the butter is being put onto the roll, so Russian uses на неё.

Also, after prepositions, third-person pronouns normally gain an initial н-:

• её → на неё
• его → на него
• их → на них

You will often see неё written as нее in normal Russian spelling, because ё is frequently written as е.

Because in this sentence масло is the thing being spread, so it is the direct object:

• намазать масло на булку = to spread butter onto the roll

That makes масло accusative. Since масло is neuter and inanimate, nominative and accusative look the same.

But Russian also has another very common pattern:

• намазать булку маслом = to spread the roll with butter / to butter the roll

In that version:

• булку is the direct object
• маслом is instrumental, showing what you used

So both are possible:

• намазала масло на неё
• намазала её маслом

They are very close in meaning, but the grammar and focus are different.

Because the same subject, я, applies to both verbs:

• я разрезала
• я намазала

Russian does not need to repeat the subject when it is the same and the structure is clear.

So this is perfectly normal:

• Утром я разрезала булку и намазала на неё масло.

Repeating я would usually sound more emphatic than necessary.

Because и is joining two coordinated verbs with the same subject inside one simple sentence:

• разрезала
• намазала

Russian normally does not put a comma before и in that situation.

So no comma is needed here.

It usually doesn’t. Russian has no articles.

So булку could mean:

• a roll
• the roll

And масло could mean:

• butter
• the butter
• sometimes effectively some butter

The exact meaning comes from context, not from an article.

Yes. Russian word order is fairly flexible, and changing it often changes emphasis, not basic meaning.

This sentence starts with утром to set the time first:

• Утром я разрезала булку и намазала на неё масло.

You could also say:

• Я утром разрезала булку и намазала на неё масло.

That is still natural, just with slightly different emphasis.

In general, Russian often moves elements around to highlight what is most important, newest, or contrastive in the sentence.