Бабушка подарила мне тёплый платок, который я ношу осенью.

Because the subject is бабушка, which is a feminine noun in Russian. In the past tense, Russian verbs agree with the subject in gender and number:

• подарил = he gave
• подарила = she gave
• подарило = it gave
• подарили = they gave

So Бабушка подарила... means Grandma gave...

Мне is the dative case form of я.

The verb подарить / дарить normally works like to give someone something:

• кто? = who gives
• кому? = to whom
• что? = what

So in this sentence:

• Бабушка = the giver
• мне = to me
• тёплый платок = the thing given

That is why Russian uses мне, not я.

Here тёплый платок is the direct object of подарила. That means it is in the accusative case.

But for masculine inanimate singular nouns, the accusative looks exactly like the nominative:

• nominative: тёплый платок
• accusative: тёплый платок

So the form does not change here.

If the noun were animate, the accusative would usually match the genitive instead.

Который means which / that and introduces a relative clause:

который я ношу осенью = which I wear in autumn

It refers back to платок.

A very important rule: который agrees with the noun it refers to in gender and number, but its case depends on its role inside the relative clause.

Here:

• it refers to платок → masculine singular
• inside the clause, it is the object of ношу → accusative
• masculine singular inanimate accusative = который

So который is the correct form.

Because Russian normally separates relative clauses and other subordinate clauses with a comma.

So:

• Бабушка подарила мне тёплый платок, который я ношу осенью.

The comma marks the start of the clause который я ношу осенью.

This is much more regular in Russian than in English. In English, that often appears without a comma, but in Russian the comma is required here.

Yes, Russian can often omit subject pronouns when the verb form already makes the subject clear.

So both of these are possible:

• ..., который я ношу осенью
• ..., который ношу осенью

The version with я is a little more explicit and can sound slightly more natural if the speaker wants to state the subject clearly. But omission is also very common.

Because носить and надевать mean different things:

• надевать = to put on
• носить = to wear, especially as a repeated, usual, or ongoing action

So:

• Я надеваю платок = I put on the shawl/scarf
• Я ношу платок = I wear the shawl/scarf

In this sentence, the idea is not a single act of putting it on, but a habitual action: I wear it in autumn.

Because the sentence contains two different actions:

1. Бабушка подарила мне тёплый платок
   This is a completed event in the past: Grandma gave me the shawl.

2. который я ношу осенью
   This describes a general or habitual action that is true now or regularly: I wear it in autumn.

So the tenses are different because the actions happen in different time frames.

Осенью is the instrumental case of осень.

Russian often uses the instrumental case without a preposition to mean during a season:

• зимой = in winter
• весной = in spring
• летом = in summer
• осенью = in autumn

So я ношу осенью means I wear it in autumn.

This is a very common pattern, and English speakers often need to get used to it because English normally uses a preposition: in autumn.

Подарила is from подарить, which is a perfective verb. It presents the giving as a single completed action.

Compare:

• дарила = was giving / used to give / gave repeatedly
• подарила = gave, as one completed act

So Бабушка подарила мне тёплый платок means that Grandma gave me the shawl as one finished event.

Yes. Russian word order is fairly flexible because case endings show who is doing what.

The neutral order here is:

• Бабушка подарила мне тёплый платок, который я ношу осенью.

But you could also hear things like:

• Мне бабушка подарила тёплый платок, который я ношу осенью.
• Тёплый платок бабушка подарила мне, который я ношу осенью.
  This one is much less neutral and would need a special context.

Changing the order usually changes emphasis, not the basic meaning.

Yes, it is important for pronunciation.

• тёплый is pronounced roughly like TYOP-lyy
• The letter ё always indicates the yo sound

In many printed texts, Russian sometimes writes е instead of ё, so you may see теплый. But the correct pronunciation is still тёплый.

For learners, it is helpful to remember the real form with ё, because it makes pronunciation clearer.