Ты можешь одолжить мне свой пауэрбанк? Мой телефон почти разрядился.

Ты is the informal singular you, used with friends, family, classmates, coworkers you know well, and people your own age in casual situations.

Вы is the formal or plural you. If you were speaking politely to a stranger or in a more formal setting, you would usually say:

Вы можете одолжить мне свой пауэрбанк?

So the choice of ты tells you the speaker is talking casually to one person.

Можешь одолжить...? literally means Can you lend...? It is a polite, natural way to make a request.

Compare:

• Одолжи мне свой пауэрбанк. = Lend me your power bank.
  This is more direct, almost like a command.
• Ты можешь одолжить мне свой пауэрбанк? = Can you lend me your power bank?
  This sounds softer and more natural in everyday speech.

An even more polite version would be:

• Не мог бы ты одолжить мне свой пауэрбанк? = Could you lend me your power bank?

Here одолжить means to lend.

In this sentence:

• Ты можешь одолжить мне свой пауэрбанк?

the structure is:

• кто-то одолжит кому-то что-то
• someone lends someone something

So:

• ты = you
• мне = to me
• свой пауэрбанк = your power bank

That makes the meaning clearly Can you lend me your power bank?

A learner should know that одолжить can sometimes be confusing, because in colloquial Russian some people also use it in contexts that look like borrow. But in this sentence, because of мне, the meaning is definitely lend me.

Мне is the dative case of я.

Russian uses the dative for the person who receives something. Since the speaker wants the power bank to be lent to them, Russian uses мне:

• одолжить мне = lend to me

Compare the forms:

• я = I
• меня = me
• мне = to me

So мне is used because it is the indirect object: the person receiving the item.

Свой is the reflexive possessive pronoun, and Russian uses it when the possessor is the subject of the clause.

In this sentence, the subject is ты, and the power bank belongs to that same ты, so Russian prefers:

• свой пауэрбанк = your own power bank

This is one of the most important uses of свой in Russian.

Compare:

• Ты взял свой рюкзак. = You took your own backpack.
• Ты взял твой рюкзак. sounds unusual in most normal contexts.

Using твой instead of свой is not always impossible, but свой is the normal and most natural choice when the owner is the subject.

Пауэрбанк is a borrowed word from English power bank. It is commonly used in modern spoken Russian.

Grammatically, it behaves like a normal masculine noun because it ends in a consonant:

• nominative: пауэрбанк
• genitive: пауэрбанка
• dative: пауэрбанку
• etc.

In your sentence, it appears in the accusative singular:

• одолжить пауэрбанк

Because it is inanimate, the accusative form is the same as the nominative.

There is also a more formal/native-style expression:

• внешний аккумулятор

But пауэрбанк is very common in everyday speech.

Разрядился comes from разрядиться, which means to discharge / to run out of charge / to go dead.

So:

• телефон разрядился = the phone died / ran out of battery

With почти, the whole phrase means:

• Мой телефон почти разрядился = My phone is almost dead / almost out of battery

This is a very natural way to say it in Russian.

You could also hear:

• Мой телефон почти сел. = My phone is almost dead.
  This is also very common in speech.

Разряжен is more of an adjective/passive-participle type meaning discharged. It is possible in some contexts, but почти разрядился sounds more natural for a phone battery situation in everyday Russian.

The verb is разрядиться, not разрядить.

• разрядить = to discharge something
• разрядиться = to become discharged, to run out of charge

So:

• Я разрядил телефон = I discharged the phone
• Телефон разрядился = The phone discharged itself / ran out of battery

In English we usually do not say discharged itself, but in Russian this reflexive form is normal for something becoming discharged on its own.

The -ся often marks this kind of intransitive meaning.

This is a very good question, because it feels a little different from English.

Russian often uses a perfective past verb with почти to mean that something has reached, or has almost reached, a result.

So:

• телефон разрядился = the phone has died / ran out of charge
• телефон почти разрядился = the phone has almost reached that state

Even though English may use the present:

• My phone is almost dead

Russian naturally uses the past/result form here:

• Мой телефон почти разрядился

So the past tense is not really talking about a separate past event. It is describing the phone’s current state as being very close to the completed result.

In the past tense, Russian verbs agree with the subject in gender and number.

The subject here is телефон, which is masculine singular, so the verb must be masculine singular too:

• телефон разрядился

Compare:

• батарея разрядилась because батарея is feminine
• устройство разрядилось because устройство is neuter
• телефоны разрядились because телефоны is plural

So the ending -лся here is simply matching телефон.

Yes. Russian word order is flexible, and small changes can sound more natural depending on emphasis.

Your sentence:

• Ты можешь одолжить мне свой пауэрбанк?

A very common alternative is:

• Ты можешь мне одолжить свой пауэрбанк?

Both are natural. The meaning stays the same.

You could also hear:

• Можешь одолжить мне свой пауэрбанк?

This drops ты, because the verb ending -ешь already shows the subject is you. In casual speech, this is extremely common.

So Russian often omits subject pronouns when they are obvious from the verb.

Not always.

Russian often leaves out possessive words when the owner is obvious from context. So you could say:

• Телефон почти разрядился.

and if the situation is clear, people will understand it means my phone.

But adding мой is perfectly natural here because it helps make the reason for the request clearer:

• Can you lend me your power bank? My phone is almost dead.

So мой is not required in every context, but it sounds completely normal and useful here.