Новая грамматическая тема: конструкции «как бы ни...» и «сколько бы ни...» помогают говорить о том, что результат не меняется.

It means A new grammar topic or A new grammar point.

Тема is a feminine noun, so the adjectives that describe it must also be feminine:

• новый → новая
• грамматический → грамматическая

So all three words agree in gender, number, and case:

• новая — feminine singular nominative
• грамматическая — feminine singular nominative
• тема — feminine singular nominative

No. They are completely different.

• Colloquial как бы can mean something like sort of, kind of, or like
• The grammar pattern как бы ни... is a fixed construction meaning no matter how... or however...

So in this sentence, как бы ни is not filler speech at all. It is a real grammar structure.

They are concessive patterns. They express the idea that something stays the same regardless of conditions.

Typical meanings:

• как бы ни... = no matter how..., however...
• сколько бы ни... = no matter how much..., no matter how many...

Examples:

• Как бы ни было трудно, мы продолжим.
  No matter how difficult it is, we will continue.

• Сколько бы он ни работал, денег не хватает.
  No matter how much he works, there still isn’t enough money.

That is why the sentence says these constructions help talk about a result that does not change.

Because together they create this special no matter... meaning.

Very roughly:

• бы adds a hypothetical or non-factual flavor
• ни strengthens the concessive idea: regardless of..., no matter...

So:

• как бы ни
• сколько бы ни

are fixed patterns. You should learn them as whole units.

Also, ни here is not the same as the normal negative particle не. You usually should not replace it with не.

Because бы in Russian normally combines with a past-form verb.

So you get things like:

• Как бы он ни старался...
• Сколько бы они ни спорили...

Even though the verb form looks past, the meaning is not necessarily past. It can describe present, future, or general situations depending on context.

For example:

• Как бы он ни старался, ничего не выходит.
  No matter how hard he tries, nothing works out.

Here старался looks past, but the meaning is really present/general.

A common pattern is:

Как бы ни + verb/adjective phrase, main clause

It often means no matter how...

Examples:

• Как бы ни было сложно, мы закончим.
  No matter how hard it is, we will finish.

• Как бы ты ни объяснял, он не понимает.
  No matter how you explain it, he doesn’t understand.

• Как бы ни был умен человек, он может ошибаться.
  No matter how smart a person is, he can make mistakes.

The main clause gives the unchanged result.

A common pattern is:

Сколько бы ни + verb / noun phrase, main clause

Use it for amount, quantity, or number:

• Сколько бы он ни читал, ему всё мало.
  No matter how much he reads, it’s never enough for him.

• Сколько бы денег ни было, проблем меньше не становится.
  No matter how much money there is, the problems do not decrease.

• Сколько бы книг она ни купила, ей хочется ещё.
  No matter how many books she buys, she wants more.

So сколько бы ни is about how much / how many, not how in general.

The colon introduces the specific topic being named.

So the structure is basically:

• New grammar topic:
  these constructions...

The word конструкции is plural because two constructions are being discussed:

• как бы ни...
• сколько бы ни...

Since конструкции is the subject, the verb must also be plural:

• конструкции помогают

not помогает

Because помогать + infinitive is a very common Russian pattern:

• помогать понять
• помогать запомнить
• помогать говорить

Here говорить means to express or to talk about something in a general sense.

Сказать would sound more like one single completed act of saying something. But this sentence is about what these grammar patterns allow you to express in general, so говорить is the better choice.

Because the verb говорить here goes with о:

• говорить о чём? = to talk about what?

But Russian cannot normally say о что... directly. So it uses a bridge:

• о том, что...
  literally about the fact that...

So:

• говорить о том, что результат не меняется

means:

• to talk about the fact that the result does not change

The comma before что is required because что результат не меняется is a subordinate clause.

There are two main things here:

1. меняется is singular because результат is singular.

   • результат = singular
   • меняется = 3rd person singular

2. не меняется is imperfective present because this is a general statement.
   It means something like:

   • the result does not change
   • the result remains the same

If you used не изменится, that would sound more like will not change in one future case. But this sentence is explaining a general grammar idea, so не меняется is the natural choice.