Перед важным решением я люблю советоваться с женой.

Because the preposition перед requires the instrumental case.

So:

• важное решение = an important decision (dictionary/basic form)
• after перед it becomes
  • важным
  • решением

So перед важным решением means before an important decision.

This is a very common pattern:

• перед домом = in front of the house
• перед встречей = before the meeting

Because the verb советоваться normally takes с + instrumental for the person you consult with.

The pattern is:

• советоваться с кем? = to consult with whom?

So:

• жена → с женой

Compare:

• советоваться с другом = consult with a friend
• советоваться с родителями = consult with one’s parents

So in this sentence, с женой means with (my) wife.

Here перед means before in a time sense.

But перед can also mean in front of in a physical sense.

For example:

• перед важным решением = before an important decision
• перед домом = in front of the house

So the meaning depends on context. In this sentence, it is clearly temporal, not physical.

Because these two verbs mean different things:

• советовать = to advise, to recommend
• советоваться = to ask for advice, to consult

So:

• Я советую тебе... = I advise you...
• Я советуюсь с женой = I consult with my wife

In your sentence, the speaker is getting advice from his wife, not giving advice to her, so советоваться is the correct verb.

In this verb, -ся is part of the verb’s meaning. It is not literally translated as oneself.

Without -ся:

• советовать = to advise

With -ся:

• советоваться = to consult, to seek advice

So this is one of those cases where the reflexive ending changes the meaning of the verb quite a lot.

In Russian, любить + infinitive often means to like doing something or to enjoy doing something.

So:

• я люблю читать = I like reading / I like to read
• я люблю путешествовать = I like traveling
• я люблю советоваться с женой = I like to consult with my wife

So люблю can mean love, but with an infinitive it often sounds like like to in English.

Russian often leaves out possessive words like my when the relationship is obvious from context, especially with close family members.

So:

• с женой often naturally means with my wife
• к маме often means to my mom
• у брата often means at my brother’s place or with my brother, depending on context

You can say с моей женой, but it usually sounds more explicit or emphatic.

So:

• с женой = natural, normal
• с моей женой = also correct, but more specific/emphatic

It describes a general habit.

There are two main clues:

• люблю = I like to...
• советоваться is imperfective, which fits repeated or habitual action

So the sentence means something like:

• Before making an important decision, I like to consult with my wife.

Even though решением is singular, Russian often uses the singular in this kind of general statement.

Yes. Russian word order is flexible.

Your sentence:

• Перед важным решением я люблю советоваться с женой.

A more straightforward order could be:

• Я люблю советоваться с женой перед важным решением.

Both are correct. The difference is mainly emphasis.

Starting with Перед важным решением gives extra attention to the circumstance before an important decision.

Russian often moves information to the front for focus or style.

Yes, sometimes.

Russian often drops the subject pronoun when it is clear from the verb ending or from context.

So you might hear:

• Перед важным решением люблю советоваться с женой.

That is possible in conversation. But including я is also completely natural, and it makes the sentence clearer and more neutral.

Yes. You can add the topic, often with о/об + prepositional case.

For example:

• Я люблю советоваться с женой о работе. = I like to consult with my wife about work.
• Я люблю советоваться с женой об отпуске. = I like to consult with my wife about vacation.

In your sentence, the topic is left unstated because the context already implies it: the consultation is about the important decision.

Yes. That is a very natural English translation.

Russian says:

• Перед важным решением = literally before an important decision

But in English, we often say:

• Before making an important decision

That captures the intended meaning well. So the Russian structure is a little more compact, but the idea is the same.