Breakdown of Сантехник сказал, что засор был старым, и трубу нужно было прочистить ещё прошлой зимой.
Questions & Answers about Сантехник сказал, что засор был старым, и трубу нужно было прочистить ещё прошлой зимой.
In Russian, a subordinate clause introduced by что (meaning that) is usually set off by a comma. Here, что засор был старым… is the object clause of сказал (what he said), so you write: сказал, что ….
что introduces reported speech/indirect statement: said that…
It normally cannot be omitted in standard Russian the way English sometimes drops that. You can sometimes omit it in very colloquial speech, but it often sounds rough or ambiguous, so learners should keep что.
After быть (especially in the past: был/была/было/были), Russian has two common patterns for the “predicate adjective”:
- Nominative (less “formal”/more direct description): засор был старый
- Instrumental (very common; often sounds more “evaluative”/“as a characteristic”): засор был старым
Both are grammatically possible, but был старым (instrumental старым) is extremely common and often preferred in neutral narration.
старым is instrumental singular masculine/neuter agreeing with засор (masculine singular). It’s used because the adjective functions as a predicative complement after был.
Because прочистить is a transitive verb: you clean (something). The thing being cleaned is a direct object, so it takes the accusative:
- прочистить трубу → трубу (accusative singular)
This is an impersonal “necessity” construction:
- нужно = it is necessary
- было = past tense of “to be” used to put the whole necessity in the past
- прочистить = infinitive (“to clean out”)
So трубу нужно было прочистить literally is like: it was necessary to clean out the pipe.
прочистить (perfective) focuses on a single completed result: “clean it out (successfully).”
With нужно было… you often use perfective when the idea is “it needed to be done (and finished).” Imperfective could appear in other contexts (process/ongoing/regular need), but here the sentence points to one required completed action.
зимой is instrumental, which is commonly used to express time when (especially with seasons):
- зимой = in winter
- прошлой зимой = last winter
Seasons often appear in instrumental for “when”: летом, зимой, весной, осенью.
ещё has several meanings. Here it means as far back as / already back then (emphasizing that the action should have happened earlier than expected):
- ещё прошлой зимой = back last winter / as far back as last winter
It highlights that the problem is old and the cleaning was overdue.
Because и is joining two clauses within the reported statement:
1) что засор был старым
2) (что) трубу нужно было прочистить ещё прошлой зимой
Russian typically uses a comma before и when it connects two independent clauses (each has its own grammatical center: засор был… and нужно было прочистить…). The second clause is still part of what the plumber said, even though что isn’t repeated.
Yes. You can say:
- …сказал, что засор был старым и что трубу нужно было прочистить ещё прошлой зимой.
Repeating что can sound a bit more explicit/clear, especially in longer sentences. Not repeating it is also very common, as in your sentence.