После тяжёлого ужина я чувствую усталость, и живот становится тяжёлым.

Breakdown of После тяжёлого ужина я чувствую усталость, и живот становится тяжёлым.

я
I
становиться
to become
и
and
ужин
the dinner
после
after
чувствовать
to feel
живот
the stomach
усталость
the fatigue
тяжёлый
heavy
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Questions & Answers about После тяжёлого ужина я чувствую усталость, и живот становится тяжёлым.

What case is ужина in, and why isn’t it just ужин?

Ужина is in the genitive singular case.

The preposition после (after) in Russian always governs the genitive case.
So:

  • nominative: ужин (dinner – subject form)
  • genitive: ужина (after dinner, of dinner, no dinner, etc.)

Because we say после + genitive, we must say после ужина, not ✗после ужин.

Why is it тяжёлого ужина and not тяжёлый ужин?

Adjectives in Russian must agree with the noun in:

  • gender
  • number
  • case

Here, ужина is masculine singular, genitive.
The corresponding adjective form is тяжёлого (masc./neut. genitive singular).

Patterns:

  • nominative: тяжёлый ужин (a heavy dinner – dictionary form)
  • genitive: тяжёлого ужина (of a heavy dinner / after a heavy dinner)

Because после requires the genitive, both words shift to the genitive:

  • после тяжёлого ужина
Sometimes I see тяжёлого written as тяжелого without the dots. Is there any difference?

In meaning and pronunciation, there is no difference.

  • Correct full spelling: тяжёлого (with ё)
  • Very common printed spelling: тяжелого (with е)

Russian often omits the dots over ё in print, but people still pronounce it as “yo”:
тяжёлого = /тя-жо́-ло-ва/.

So тяжёлого ужина and тяжелого ужина are the same phrase; only the orthography differs.

Why is there a comma before и живот становится тяжёлым?

Because this is a compound sentence with two separate clauses, each with its own subject and verb:

  1. (Я) чувствую усталость – subject я, verb чувствую
  2. живот становится тяжёлым – subject живот, verb становится

In Russian, when you have two independent clauses joined by “и”, you usually put a comma before и:

  • …, и живот становится тяжёлым.

If you wanted one clause with a shared verb, you could say:

  • После тяжёлого ужина я чувствую усталость и тяжесть в животе.
    (no comma, because чувствую is shared by both objects: усталость and тяжесть)
Why say я чувствую усталость instead of the simpler я устал?

Both are correct, but they have different nuances.

  • Я устал.
    Literally “I am tired.”
    This is the most natural, everyday way to say you’re tired. It describes your state.

  • Я чувствую усталость.
    Literally “I feel fatigue.”
    This sounds a bit more formal or more descriptive. It highlights the sensation rather than just the state. It can also imply that you are not yet completely exhausted, but you notice the fatigue coming.

In the sentence:

После тяжёлого ужина я чувствую усталость, и живот становится тяжёлым.

the speaker is describing what they experience after a heavy meal:
they feel fatigue and their stomach/abdomen becomes heavy. It fits a more descriptive style.

Could we also say я чувствую себя усталым? How is that different from я чувствую усталость?

Yes, я чувствую себя усталым is also correct, and both are natural.

  • Я чувствую усталость.
    I feel fatigue.
    Uses a noun (усталость) as the direct object of чувствовать. Slightly more abstract; focuses on the feeling of fatigue itself.

  • Я чувствую себя усталым.
    I feel tired.
    Literally: “I feel myself (being) tired.”
    Uses себя + adjective in instrumental (усталым) to describe your own state.

In everyday speech, я устал is still the most common. The other two sound more self-observing or somewhat more formal/explicit.

What case is усталость here, and why does it look like the nominative form?

Усталость here is in the accusative singular case, because it is the direct object of the verb чувствовать:

  • чувствовать что?усталость (to feel what? fatigue)

For feminine nouns ending in -ость (e.g. радость, усталость, скорость), the nominative singular and accusative singular are identical:

  • nominative: усталость есть. – fatigue exists
  • accusative: чувствую усталость. – I feel fatigue

So it looks like nominative, but grammatically it is accusative.

Why is it живот становится тяжёлым and not живот тяжёлый?

Both are possible, but they say slightly different things.

  • Живот тяжёлый.
    The stomach/belly is heavy. – describes a state.

  • Живот становится тяжёлым.
    The stomach/belly is becoming heavy. – describes a change of state, a process.

The verb становиться = “to become, to get (a certain way)”.
In the original sentence, the speaker wants to say that after a heavy dinner, the stomach starts to feel heavy (it wasn’t like that before). Hence становится is used.

Why do we say становится тяжёлым with тяжёлым (instrumental) and not становится тяжёлый (nominative)?

With verbs like становиться / стать (to become), Russian normally uses the instrumental case for the new state or role:

  • становиться кем? чем? (inst.)
    • Он стал учителем. – He became a teacher.
    • Вода стала холодной. – The water became cold.

Here:

  • живот (subject, nominative)
  • становится (verb “becomes”)
  • тяжёлым (instrumental case of тяжёлый, masc. sg.)

So:

  • живот становится (каким?) тяжёлым – belly becomes heavy.

Тяжёлым is masculine singular, instrumental, agreeing with живот.

What exactly does тяжёлый mean here? Does it always mean “heavy”?

Тяжёлый is broad in meaning. It can mean:

  • physically heavy: тяжёлый чемодан – a heavy suitcase
  • hard/difficult: тяжёлая работа – hard work
  • serious/severe: тяжёлая болезнь – a serious illness
  • emotionally heavy: тяжёлый разговор – a difficult/tense conversation

In food contexts:

  • тяжёлый ужин / тяжёлая еда = “heavy/rich food” – hard to digest, very fatty, greasy, or very large portions.

In живот становится тяжёлым, тяжёлый means the stomach/abdomen feels physically heavy and full, hard to carry around comfortably, like a stuffed, weighed-down feeling.

What’s the difference between живот and желудок in Russian?
  • Живот
    Literally “belly” or “abdomen”. Refers to the outside/front of your body, or that general area.
    Common in everyday speech:

    • У меня болит живот. – My tummy / stomach hurts (generic).
  • Желудок
    Literally the stomach organ (inside). More anatomical/medical:

    • У меня проблемы с желудком. – I have stomach problems (medical/physical).

In this sentence:

…и живот становится тяжёлым.

Живот is natural because the speaker is describing the felt heaviness in the belly area, not talking formally about the internal organ.

Can we change the word order, for example: Я чувствую усталость после тяжёлого ужина or После тяжёлого ужина живот у меня становится тяжёлым?

Yes, Russian word order is relatively flexible, and both examples are grammatically correct.

  1. Я чувствую усталость после тяжёлого ужина.

    • Neutral meaning: I feel fatigue after a heavy dinner.
    • Slight emphasis on я чувствую (I feel) first, then when (после...) at the end.
  2. После тяжёлого ужина живот у меня становится тяжёлым.

    • Literally: After a heavy dinner, the belly of mine becomes heavy.
    • The phrase у меня adds a little emphasis like “my belly” (as opposed to someone else’s), but it’s still natural.

The original:

После тяжёлого ужина я чувствую усталость, и живот становится тяжёлым.

puts the time frame first (после тяжёлого ужина) to set the context, then lists two results. This is very natural in Russian narrative style.

Why is чувствую in the present tense if the dinner is already in the past (после тяжёлого ужина)?

The preposition после (“after”) only gives a time relation (“after X happens”), not necessarily a remote past.

The present tense чувствую here describes what happens now (or typically) after such a dinner:

  • После тяжёлого ужина (обычно / сейчас) я чувствую усталость…
    After a heavy dinner, I (now) feel tired…

If you wanted to talk about one specific dinner in the past, you could use the past tense:

  • После тяжёлого ужина я чувствовал усталость, и живот стал тяжёлым.
    After the heavy dinner, I felt tired and my stomach became heavy.

In the original sentence, the present tense sounds like a general or typical reaction.