Because veioza is the definite form: the lamp.
In Romanian, the definite article is usually attached to the end of the noun instead of being a separate word like English the.
This is a very common feature of Romanian nouns.
Romanian often uses a bare noun after a preposition in common location expressions, so pe masă is a very natural way to say on the table or on a table, depending on context.
So even though:
the phrase pe masă is still perfectly normal and very common for location. If you want to make the table sound more explicitly specific, you can also say something like pe masa din bucătărie = on the kitchen table.
Here, pe simply means on.
Romanian also has another use of pe as a marker before certain direct objects, especially people, as in Văd pe Maria = I see Maria. But that is a different grammar point.
In Veioza este pe masă, pe is just an ordinary preposition showing position.
Este is the 3rd person singular present tense of a fi, which means to be.
So:
Here it matches veioza, which is singular, so este means is.
The sentence Veioza este pe masă has the most neutral, straightforward word order: subject + verb + location.
Romanian can change word order for emphasis. For example:
That version emphasizes the table/location more. But for a beginner, the original order is the safest and most natural choice.
Yes, masă can mean either table or meal, depending on context.
For example:
In Veioza este pe masă, it clearly means table, because a lamp can be on a table.
Both veioză and masă are feminine singular nouns.
That matters because it affects:
For example:
Recognizing noun gender is an important part of learning Romanian.
Normally, no. In a standard full sentence, Romanian usually keeps the verb to be in the present tense.
So the normal sentence is:
Dropping the verb completely would sound incomplete in ordinary Romanian.