Veioza este pe masă.

• veioza = the lamp
• este = is
• pe = on
• masă = table

Grammatically, veioza is the subject, este is the verb, and pe masă is a prepositional phrase showing location.

Because veioza is the definite form: the lamp.

In Romanian, the definite article is usually attached to the end of the noun instead of being a separate word like English the.

• veioză = a lamp
• veioza = the lamp

This is a very common feature of Romanian nouns.

Romanian often uses a bare noun after a preposition in common location expressions, so pe masă is a very natural way to say on the table or on a table, depending on context.

So even though:

• masă = table
• masa = the table

the phrase pe masă is still perfectly normal and very common for location. If you want to make the table sound more explicitly specific, you can also say something like pe masa din bucătărie = on the kitchen table.

Here, pe simply means on.

Romanian also has another use of pe as a marker before certain direct objects, especially people, as in Văd pe Maria = I see Maria. But that is a different grammar point.

In Veioza este pe masă, pe is just an ordinary preposition showing position.

Este is the 3rd person singular present tense of a fi, which means to be.

So:

• eu sunt = I am
• tu ești = you are
• el/ea este = he/she is

Here it matches veioza, which is singular, so este means is.

Yes. In everyday Romanian, e is very common.

So both of these are correct:

• Veioza este pe masă.
• Veioza e pe masă.

Este sounds a bit more full or formal, while e is more conversational.

A rough guide is:

• veioza ≈ vey-O-za
• este ≈ ES-te
• pe ≈ peh
• masă ≈ MA-suh

A few helpful details:

• the stress is on -o- in veioza
• the stress is on es- in este
• the stress is on ma- in masă
• Romanian ă is a short neutral vowel, similar to the a in about

The sentence Veioza este pe masă has the most neutral, straightforward word order: subject + verb + location.

Romanian can change word order for emphasis. For example:

• Pe masă este veioza.

That version emphasizes the table/location more. But for a beginner, the original order is the safest and most natural choice.

Yes, masă can mean either table or meal, depending on context.

For example:

• Masa este mare. = The table is big.
• Masa este gata. = The meal is ready.

In Veioza este pe masă, it clearly means table, because a lamp can be on a table.

Both veioză and masă are feminine singular nouns.

That matters because it affects:

• the article
• adjectives
• sometimes number patterns

For example:

• o veioză = a lamp
• veioza = the lamp
• o masă = a table
• masa = the table

Recognizing noun gender is an important part of learning Romanian.

Normally, no. In a standard full sentence, Romanian usually keeps the verb to be in the present tense.

So the normal sentence is:

• Veioza este pe masă.
• Veioza e pe masă.

Dropping the verb completely would sound incomplete in ordinary Romanian.

You can say:

• O veioză este pe masă. = A lamp is on the table.
• Veioza nu este pe masă. = The lamp is not on the table.

In everyday speech, the shorter form is also common:

• Veioza nu e pe masă.

Notice that nu goes before the verb to make the sentence negative.