Durerea de dinți este atât de puternică, încât stomatologul examinează măseaua.

In Romanian, the definite article is usually attached to the end of the noun, not written as a separate word like English the.

So:

• durere = pain
• durerea = the pain

The same thing happens with:

• stomatolog = dentist
• stomatologul = the dentist
• măsea = molar
• măseaua = the molar

This is one of the first big differences English speakers notice in Romanian.

de dinți literally means of teeth or tooth-related.

The full expression durere de dinți is the normal Romanian way to say toothache.

Even though English often uses the singular in compounds like toothache, Romanian uses dinți (teeth) in this expression. So you should learn durere de dinți as a fixed phrase.

Related forms:

• dinte = tooth
• dinți = teeth

This is a very common Romanian structure meaning so ... that.

In your sentence:

• atât de puternică = so strong
• încât = that / so that

So:

• Durerea de dinți este atât de puternică, încât...
• The toothache is so strong, that...

This pattern is used a lot:

• Este atât de obosit, încât adoarme imediat. = He is so tired that he falls asleep immediately.

• Era atât de frig, încât nu puteam ieși. = It was so cold that we couldn’t go out.

Because puternică agrees with durerea, which is a feminine singular noun.

Romanian adjectives usually agree in gender and number with the noun they describe.

Here:

• durere is feminine singular
• so the adjective must also be feminine singular: puternică

Compare:

• un sunet puternic = a loud/strong sound
  masculine singular

• o durere puternică = a strong pain
  feminine singular

So the ending changes because the noun changes.

Because încât introduces a subordinate clause, and Romanian normally separates that clause with a comma.

So the structure is:

• main clause: Durerea de dinți este atât de puternică
• subordinate clause: încât stomatologul examinează măseaua

This comma is standard and expected in Romanian writing.

They are very close, and in many contexts both can mean the dentist.

• stomatolog is a more formal or medical term
• dentist is also common and often feels a bit more everyday

So:

• stomatologul = the stomatologist / the dentist
• dentistul = the dentist

In normal conversation, many speakers use dentist. In more formal or medical-style language, stomatolog may appear more often.

Măsea means molar, one of the back teeth.

So:

• măsea = molar
• măseaua = the molar

This is more specific than dinte:

• dinte = tooth
• măsea = molar

So the sentence is not talking about just any tooth, but specifically a molar.

Examinează is the 3rd person singular present form of a examina (to examine).

It matches stomatologul (the dentist), which is singular:

• eu examinez = I examine
• tu examinezi = you examine
• el/ea examinează = he/she examines

The sentence uses the present tense because it is describing a present action or a general example situation.

Yes, Romanian word order is somewhat flexible, but the version you have is the most neutral and natural.

Standard order here is:

• Durerea de dinți = subject
• este = verb
• atât de puternică = complement
• încât... = result clause

You may sometimes see shifts in word order for emphasis, but for learners, the given order is the safest model to follow.

The main special letters here are:

• ă in durerea, măseaua
  a very short central vowel, like a quick unstressed uh

• â in dinți? No — not there. But it appears in încât as â and î sounds of the same type
  a deeper central vowel, specific to Romanian

• ț in dinți
  pronounced ts, like the end of cats

• î in încât
  same sound family as â

Very rough pronunciation help:

• durerea ≈ doo-re-re-a
• dinți ≈ deents with ts
• încât ≈ een-kut but with a Romanian central vowel, not a normal English ee
• măseaua ≈ muh-sea-wa

If you are learning pronunciation, ă, â/î, and ț are worth practicing early.

Because Romanian usually uses a postposed definite article, meaning the article is attached to the end of the noun.

So instead of:

• the pain
• the dentist
• the molar

Romanian says:

• durerea
• stomatologul
• măseaua

This is completely normal in Romanian and comes from its historical development as a Romance language with Balkan influence. For English speakers, it feels unusual at first, but it becomes natural with practice.