Arsura este pe mână.

Arsură is the basic dictionary form, meaning a burn.
Arsura is the definite singular form, meaning the burn.

Romanian usually attaches the definite article to the end of the noun instead of using a separate word like English the.

So:

• arsură = a burn
• arsura = the burn

This is a common pattern with feminine nouns ending in -ă:

• fată → fata = the girl
• masă → masa = the table
• arsură → arsura = the burn

Because Romanian normally uses an enclitic definite article: the article is added to the end of the noun.

So instead of:

• English: the burn

Romanian says:

• arsura

This is one of the big structural differences between English and Romanian. The same idea appears in many nouns:

• băiat = a boy
• băiatul = the boy
• casă = a house
• casa = the house

Here, pe means on, showing location on a surface:

• Arsura este pe mână. = The burn is on the hand.

This is a normal preposition of place.

You may also have seen pe used in another way in Romanian, especially before certain direct objects, as in:

• Îl văd pe băiat. = I see the boy.

That is a different use. In your sentence, pe is simply the preposition on.

In Romanian, nouns after prepositions are often left without the definite article in ordinary location phrases, even when English uses the.

So Romanian often says:

• pe masă = on the table
• în casă = in the house / indoors
• pe mână = on the hand

That does not automatically mean a hand in the English sense. Romanian and English just package these location phrases differently.

If you want to make it more specific, Romanian can add more detail:

• pe mâna mea = on my hand
• pe mâna stângă = on the left hand
• pe mâna pacientului = on the patient’s hand

Este means is, from the verb a fi = to be.

In this kind of sentence, Romanian normally keeps the verb:

• Arsura este pe mână. = The burn is on the hand.

In everyday speech, people very often use the shorter form e:

• Arsura e pe mână.

That sounds natural and common.

You generally do not leave it out completely. So Arsura pe mână would sound incomplete in standard Romanian.

A rough pronunciation guide:

• Arsura ≈ ar-SOO-ra
• este ≈ ES-te
• pe ≈ peh
• mână ≈ MÎ-nuh

The two special vowels in mână are important:

• â is a Romanian vowel with no exact English equivalent
• ă is like the weak vowel at the end of English sofa

So mână is not pronounced like plain mana.

Also, the stress is:

• arsura → stress on SU
• mână → stress on the first syllable

The neutral, standard order is:

• Arsura este pe mână.

That is the best pattern for a learner to use:
subject + verb + location

You can also hear:

• Arsura e pe mână.

Romanian does allow some word-order flexibility for emphasis, but unusual orders can sound marked or literary. For example, moving pe mână to the front would usually change the emphasis.

So for normal speech, stick with:

• Arsura este pe mână.

You make the phrase more specific by changing the noun phrase after pe:

• Arsura este pe mâna mea. = The burn is on my hand.
• Arsura este pe mâna lui. = The burn is on his hand.
• Arsura este pe mâna ei. = The burn is on her hand.

Notice that with possessives like mea, lui, ei, Romanian uses the definite form:

• mâna mea
• mâna lui
• mâna ei

So this is different from the simpler phrase pe mână.

Not always. Arsură can mean:

• a physical burn
• a burning sensation
• in some contexts, something like heartburn or stinging

But in the sentence Arsura este pe mână, the most natural interpretation is a physical burn located on the hand. The phrase pe mână makes the body-location reading very clear.