Ghiveciul este pe balcon.

Because Romanian usually puts the definite article at the end of the noun.

• ghiveci = a flowerpot
• ghiveciul = the flowerpot

So -ul here is the equivalent of English the.

The basic dictionary form is ghiveci.

You can think of the forms like this:

• un ghiveci = a flowerpot
• ghiveciul = the flowerpot

So in this sentence, the speaker is talking about a specific flowerpot.

This is a very common thing learners notice.

In Romanian, after a preposition of place, the noun is often left without the definite article, even when English would naturally say the.

So:

• pe balcon = on the balcony
• în casă = in the house / at home
• în bucătărie = in the kitchen

If you want to identify the balcony more specifically, Romanian often adds extra information:

• pe balconul meu = on my balcony
• pe balconul apartamentului = on the apartment’s balcony

So pe balcon is perfectly natural here.

Here pe means on.

So:

• pe balcon = on the balcony

A useful warning: pe has other uses in Romanian too. For example, it can also mark certain direct objects, especially people. But in this sentence it is just the normal preposition of location.

Este is the 3rd person singular of a fi, meaning to be.

So:

• este = is

Romanian normally needs this verb in a sentence like this, just as English does.

• Ghiveciul este pe balcon. = correct
• Ghiveciul pe balcon. = not a normal complete sentence in standard Romanian

Yes. That is very common.

• este is the full form
• e is the shorter everyday form

So both are correct:

• Ghiveciul este pe balcon.
• Ghiveciul e pe balcon.

The second one sounds a bit more natural in casual speech.

The neutral word order is:

• Subject + verb + place
• Ghiveciul este pe balcon.

This is the most straightforward way to say it.

Romanian word order is somewhat flexible, so other orders are possible for emphasis, for example:

• Pe balcon este ghiveciul.

That version sounds more marked, as if you are emphasizing the location or contrasting it with somewhere else. For a beginner, the original order is the best one to learn first.

• ghiveci is neuter
• balcon is masculine

Romanian neuter nouns behave:

• like masculine in the singular
• like feminine in the plural

So:

• un ghiveci = singular
• două ghivece = plural

And for balcon:

• un balcon
• balconul
• două balcoane

Yes, technically it is in the accusative after the preposition pe.

However, in Romanian, many nouns do not change form visibly in the accusative. So balcon looks the same as the basic form.

That means:

• dictionary form: balcon
• after pe: balcon

The case is there grammatically, but you do not see a different ending here.

A rough guide:

• gh before i keeps a hard g sound
• ci sounds like English ch
• este usually starts with a ye sound
• pe sounds like peh
• balcon has the stress on the last syllable

So a rough English-style approximation is:

• ghiveciul ≈ ghee-vech-yul
• este ≈ YES-te
• pe balcon ≈ peh bal-KON

This is only approximate, but it helps with the main sounds.

You would change both the noun and the verb:

• Ghivecele sunt pe balcon.

That means The flowerpots are on the balcony.

Breakdown:

• ghiveciul = the flowerpot
• ghivecele = the flowerpots
• este = is
• sunt = are