CV-ul este gata.

Because Romanian usually puts the definite article at the end of the noun, not as a separate word before it.

So:

• CV = a CV
• CV-ul = the CV

This is a core feature of Romanian grammar. Compare:

• băiat = boy
• băiatul = the boy

With CV, the same idea applies.

The hyphen is used because CV is an abbreviation/initialism.

In Romanian, when the definite article is added to abbreviations, acronyms, letters, or some foreign-looking forms, it is often attached with a hyphen:

• CV-ul
• TV-ul
• PC-ul

So the hyphen helps show where the abbreviation ends and the article begins.

Este is the 3rd person singular of a fi (to be) in the present tense.

So:

• eu sunt = I am
• tu ești = you are
• el/ea este = he/she is

In CV-ul este gata, este means is.

Yes. That is very common.

• este = fuller, slightly more formal or careful
• e = shorter, very common in everyday Romanian

So both are correct:

• CV-ul este gata.
• CV-ul e gata.

In normal speech, many Romanians would probably prefer e.

Here, gata means ready or finished, and it functions as the predicate after a fi.

A useful thing to know is that gata is generally treated as invariable in this kind of use. That means it does not change form to match gender or number.

For example:

• CV-ul este gata.
• Scrisoarea este gata.
• CV-urile sunt gata.

So unlike many Romanian adjectives, gata usually stays gata.

Because gata is one of those common Romanian words that usually stays the same in this meaning.

Many Romanian adjectives do change:

• bun / bună / buni / bune

But gata normally does not:

• băiatul e gata
• fata e gata
• copiii sunt gata

So in CV-ul este gata, the unchanged form is exactly what you should expect.

CV is generally treated as a neuter noun.

In Romanian, neuter nouns behave:

• like masculine in the singular
• like feminine in the plural

So you get:

• un CV = a CV
• CV-ul = the CV
• două CV-uri = two CVs
• CV-urile = the CVs

This is why the singular definite article is -ul.

The usual plural is CV-uri.

So:

• un CV
• două CV-uri

And with the definite article:

• CV-ul = the CV
• CV-urile = the CVs

The ending -uri is very common with abbreviations and many neuter nouns.

Usually it is pronounced letter by letter:

• CV = ce-ve
• CV-ul = ce-ve-ul

So you do not pronounce it like an English word such as see-vee in English style. You use the Romanian names of the letters.

This is the normal, neutral word order:

• CV-ul = subject
• este gata = predicate

Romanian word order is somewhat flexible, but CV-ul este gata is the most natural standard way to say it.

You might also hear:

• CV-ul e gata.

A reordered version like Gata e CV-ul is possible only in special contexts for emphasis, but it is not the basic form learners should start with.

Normally, no. In a standard sentence like this, Romanian needs the verb:

• CV-ul este gata.
• CV-ul e gata.

Saying just CV-ul gata would sound incomplete or nonstandard in ordinary Romanian.

So unlike in some languages, the copula is usually kept here.

Because CV is the normal, everyday term in Romanian for curriculum vitae. It is extremely common in job and office contexts.

So CV-ul sounds natural and standard, not unusually English-like. Romanian often uses abbreviations like this very freely.