Breakdown of Senhor, sem capacete não se deve circular na ciclovia.
Questions & Answers about Senhor, sem capacete não se deve circular na ciclovia.
It’s a vocative (a polite form of direct address), equivalent to “Sir,” in English. In writing it’s normally capitalized and set off with a comma. For a woman you’d use Senhora,. Note the difference between:
- Senhor, = direct address (vocative).
- o senhor = the formal “you” pronoun (third-person grammar), e.g., O senhor não deve… (“You [sir] shouldn’t…”), which is not followed by a comma when it’s the subject.
- Não se deve is impersonal: “one shouldn’t / you shouldn’t (in general).” It frames the statement as a general rule, not aimed at a particular person.
- Não deve without an explicit subject can be read as addressing the person directly (often understood as o senhor): “You (sir) shouldn’t…” It feels more personal and direct. Using se makes it more generic and less confrontational.
In European Portuguese, negation words like não attract the clitic pronoun to the left of the verb (proclisis). So you must say:
- Não se deve… (correct)
- Não deve‑se… (incorrect in EP) In affirmative contexts without attractors, you can use enclisis:
- Deve‑se circular com capacete. Other common proclisis triggers include words like nunca, já, ainda, também, and certain relative/interrogative words (que, quem, onde, quando, porque).
Circular is a formal/administrative verb meaning “to move/ride/drive on the roadway,” applicable to vehicles and cyclists. It’s common in rules, signs, and official advice. In everyday speech you might hear:
- andar de bicicleta / pedalar (to ride a bike) But circular na ciclovia emphasizes being/going within the bike lane space in a neutral, official tone.
Yes. Both are fine:
- Senhor, sem capacete não se deve circular na ciclovia. (fronted for emphasis on the condition)
- Senhor, não se deve circular na ciclovia sem capacete. (more neutral order) Fronting sem capacete highlights the condition “without a helmet.”
Na = em + a (in/on + the, feminine). Because ciclovia is feminine, you get:
- na ciclovia (singular feminine) Compare:
- no = em + o (masculine): no carro
- nas = em + as (feminine plural): nas ciclovias
- nos = em + os (masculine plural): nos carros
You can, but the nuance changes:
- na ciclovia = on/in the bike lane (location/area).
- pela ciclovia = along/through the bike lane (path/direction). Regulatory language often prefers na to mark the space, but pela is fine if you want to stress movement along it.
Portuguese often omits the article after sem when speaking generically:
- sem capacete = “without a helmet” (general) You can say:
- sem um capacete to stress “without any helmet (at all),” slightly more marked.
- sem o capacete if referring to a specific, known helmet (e.g., “without the helmet we mentioned”).
Portuguese frequently uses the singular with a definite article for generic statements:
- Não se deve circular na ciclovia sem capacete. = “You shouldn’t ride on bike lanes without a helmet (in general).” You could also use the plural (nas ciclovias) to emphasize the generalization, but the singular generic is very natural.
Yes. Não pode (cannot / may not) focuses on permission/possibility rather than duty. Nuances:
- Não se deve… = “one shouldn’t” (advice/norm).
- Não pode… = “may not / cannot” (permission/prohibition).
- Stronger options: É proibido circular…; or obligation: Tem de usar capacete para circular…
- To a woman (formal): Senhora, sem capacete não se deve circular na ciclovia.
- Directly formal to the person: Senhora/Senhor, não deve circular…
- Informal (tu): Sem capacete não deves andar na ciclovia.
- To a group (vocês): Sem capacete não devem circular na ciclovia.
Note: In Portugal, você is formal-ish but can sound curt; o senhor / a senhora is often more politely formal.
- Senhor: sen-YOR (nh = “ny”)
- sem: seng (final m nasalizes the vowel)
- se: suh (very short)
- deve: DEV-eh
- circular: seer-koo-LAR (final r is a strong/uvular sound in many accents)
- ciclovia: see-kloh-VEE-uh
- capacete: kah-pah-SEH-teh
Stress falls as marked by capitals in these approximations.
No. Here se is impersonal and must attach to the finite verb (deve), not the infinitive. Correct patterns:
- Affirmative: Deve‑se circular…
- Negative: Não se deve circular… Forms like circular‑se would suggest a reflexive meaning, which isn’t intended.