Learn Hardcore Portuguese (Portugal): Enche o balde e traz a esfregona para a sala, por favor. - Fill the bucket and bring the mop to the living room, please.

It’s addressing one person informally (the tu form). The verbs are in the affirmative imperative for tu: enche (from encher) and traz (from the irregular trazer).

Why is it traz and not “traze”?

For the affirmative imperative with tu, you usually take the present indicative form and drop the final -s. Since tu trazes (present) → drop the -es → traz. “Traze” is incorrect.

How would I say this politely/formally to a stranger?

Use the você/o senhor/a senhora imperative (which matches the present subjunctive):

Encha o balde e traga a esfregona para a sala, por favor. You can also soften with EP politeness formulas like Se faz favor or Faça favor:
Encha o balde e traga a esfregona para a sala, se faz favor.

How do I say it to more than one person?

Use vocês forms:

Encham o balde e tragam a esfregona para a sala, por favor.

How do I make the sentence negative?

Negative commands use the present subjunctive, and the clitic (if any) goes before the verb:

Não enchas o balde e não tragas a esfregona para a sala. With pronouns: Não o enchas; Não a tragas.

Can I use levar instead of trazer?

Use trazer when the destination is the speaker’s location (or a place the speaker is mentally locating as “here”). Use levar when the destination is “there/away from here.” In this sentence, the speaker is treating the living room as the destination “here,” so trazer fits: traz a esfregona. If you were sending someone away from you, you’d say leva.

Why is it para a sala and not à sala?

para (a) focuses on destination/endpoint and is the most natural choice here: para a sala.
a/à can mark direction “to(wards)” and is common with some movement verbs, but with trazer this sounds more formal or less idiomatic. In normal speech, prefer para a sala.

Do I need the definite articles (o, a) with the nouns?

Yes. In Portuguese, countable nouns normally take an article. Enche o balde / traz a esfregona assume the items are identifiable from context. Dropping the article (e.g., “Enche balde”) is ungrammatical. If you mean any bucket/mop with no specific one, use indefinites: um balde / uma esfregona.

Can I replace the nouns with pronouns (it)?

Yes. In affirmative imperatives, object pronouns attach after the verb with a hyphen:

Enche-o (fill it – masculine, referring to o balde).
With trazer, because the verb ends in -z, you drop the -z and use -lo/-la forms, adding an accent to keep the stress:
- Trá-la para a sala (bring it – feminine, referring to a esfregona). Negative: pronouns go before the verb: Não o enchas; Não a tragas.

How do I say “Bring me the mop” and “Bring it to me”?

“Bring me the mop”: Traz-me a esfregona (para a sala).
“Bring it to me”: the compact clitic form is Trá-ma (para a sala) (from traz + me + a → drop -z → trá-
- ma). In everyday speech many people simply say Traz-me a esfregona instead of using the compact form.

Is the comma before por favor required?

Yes, por favor is a parenthetical politeness marker, so it’s typically set off by a comma at the end (or the beginning): …, por favor. / Por favor, …

Is sala here specifically “living room”? Do I need to say sala de estar?

In a household context in Portugal, a sala commonly means the living room. Sala de estar is more explicit but not necessary unless you need to distinguish it from other rooms (e.g., sala de jantar = dining room).

Is esfregona the usual word for “mop” in Portugal? Any alternatives?

Yes, esfregona is standard in Portugal. You may also hear mopa. Don’t confuse with vassoura (broom) or rodo (squeegee).

Does encher ever take a preposition like “with water”?

Yes. To specify contents:

Most idiomatic: Enche o balde de água.
Also possible: Enche o balde com água.

Quick pronunciation tips (European Portuguese)?

enche ≈ “EN-she” [ˈẽʃɨ] (nasal first vowel)
o balde ≈ “oo BAHL-d(ɨ)” [u ˈbaɫdɨ]
traz ≈ “trahsh” [tɾaʃ] (final z → [ʃ] in EP)
a esfregona ≈ “uh shfreh-GOH-nuh” [ɐ ʃfɾɨˈɡɔnɐ]
para a sala ≈ “PAH-ruh uh SAH-luh” [ˈpaɾɐ ɐ ˈsalɐ]
por favor ≈ “poor fuh-VOR” [puɾ fɐˈvoɾ]