Depois do jantar, ela lava a panela na pia e limpa o fogão.

Do is a contraction of de + o.

• depois de = after
• o jantar = the dinner / dinner

So:

• depois do jantar = after dinner

Portuguese very often contracts prepositions with articles:

• de + o = do
• de + a = da
• em + o = no
• em + a = na

That is why you also see na pia later in the sentence.

Both exist, but they are not exactly the same.

• depois do jantar treats jantar as a noun: after dinner
• depois de jantar uses jantar more like a verb idea: after having dinner / after eating dinner

In everyday Brazilian Portuguese, depois do jantar is very natural when referring to the meal as an event in the day.

So this sentence sounds like:

• After dinner, she washes the pan in the sink and cleans the stove.

Yes, it could often be omitted.

Portuguese is a language where subject pronouns are frequently left out when the verb form already shows the person clearly enough.

• ela lava = she washes
• lava by itself can also mean he/she/you (formal) washes, depending on context

So:

• Depois do jantar, ela lava a panela... = explicit she
• Depois do jantar, lava a panela... = possible, but more dependent on context

Using ela makes the subject clear and can sound more natural if the speaker wants to avoid ambiguity or keep the sentence easy to follow.

They are in the present indicative, third person singular, because the subject is ela.

• lavar = to wash

• ela lava = she washes

• limpar = to clean
• ela limpa = she cleans

This is the normal present-tense conjugation:

• lavar → lava
• limpar → limpa

So the sentence is describing what she does.

Most naturally, it sounds like a routine or habitual action.

• Depois do jantar, ela lava a panela na pia e limpa o fogão. = After dinner, she washes the pan in the sink and cleans the stove.

Without extra context, a native speaker will often understand this as something she usually does.

However, Portuguese present tense can sometimes also describe a scene in a vivid, narrative way. Context decides that. If this appears by itself, the routine reading is the most likely.

Portuguese uses definite articles very often, even in places where English may be more flexible.

Here:

• a panela = the pan / the pot
• o fogão = the stove

In Portuguese, it is very normal to mention everyday objects with the definite article when they are understood from the situation.

So even if English might sometimes say something more general, Portuguese naturally says:

• lava a panela
• limpa o fogão

This does not necessarily mean a very specific pan has already been mentioned earlier; it can simply be the pan involved in the situation.

Na is a contraction of em + a.

• em = in / on / at
• a pia = the sink
• na pia = in the sink / at the sink

So:

• lava a panela na pia = washes the pan in the sink / at the sink

In English, at the sink may sound more natural in some contexts, but Portuguese commonly uses na pia.

In Brazilian Portuguese, pia usually means sink, especially a kitchen sink or washbasin, depending on context.

In this sentence:

• a panela na pia clearly suggests the kitchen sink

So pia is the normal everyday word you would expect here.

It most naturally describes where the washing happens.

So:

• ela lava a panela na pia = she washes the pan at/in the sink

Grammatically, na pia could seem close to a panela, but in real usage the normal interpretation is about the location of the action lava.

Because Depois do jantar is an introductory time expression.

The comma helps separate that time phrase from the main clause:

• Depois do jantar, ela lava...

In Portuguese, this comma is very common and natural. With short introductory expressions, punctuation can sometimes vary, but here the comma is a good standard choice.

Yes. Portuguese has some flexibility with word order.

For example:

• Ela lava a panela na pia e limpa o fogão depois do jantar.
• Depois do jantar, ela limpa o fogão e lava a panela na pia.

These are all possible, but they may slightly shift the focus or rhythm.

The original sentence is very natural because it starts with the time phrase, then gives the sequence of actions.

This is a very useful vocabulary point.

• fogão = stove / cooker
• forno = oven

So in the sentence:

• limpa o fogão = cleans the stove

If it were forno, it would mean she cleans the oven, not the stovetop/stove unit.

Panela often corresponds more closely to pot, but in many learning materials it may be translated more generally as pan depending on context.

In Brazilian Portuguese kitchen vocabulary:

• panela = usually a cooking pot
• frigideira = frying pan / skillet

So if you want to be more precise, panela is often better thought of as pot. But in simple translations, pan may still be used as a broad, convenient gloss.