Bez względu na to, czy pada deszcz, czy świeci słońce, ona i tak idzie rano na spacer.

Bez względu na to means regardless of that, no matter, or regardless of whether in this kind of sentence.

It is made up of:

• bez = without
• względu = regard, consideration
• na to = for that / as to that

So the whole phrase is roughly without regard to that, but in natural English you usually translate it as regardless of whether or no matter whether.

In this sentence, bez względu na to, czy... czy... introduces a contrast like:

• regardless of whether it rains or the sun shines

It is a very common fixed expression.

The pattern czy..., czy... means whether... or...

So:

• czy pada deszcz, czy świeci słońce = whether it is raining or the sun is shining

This is a standard structure in Polish when presenting two alternatives.

You can think of it as:

• czy X, czy Y = whether X or Y

It does not mean a yes/no question here. Although czy can also introduce a question, in this sentence it is part of a fixed whether...or... pattern.

In Polish, weather is often expressed with verbs rather than with it is... structures.

• pada deszcz = rain is falling / it is raining
• literally: rain falls

So Polish says deszcz falls, not it is rain.

Similarly:

• pada śnieg = it is snowing
• literally: snow falls

This is just the normal Polish way to talk about rain.

Yes. Świeci słońce literally means the sun shines or the sun is shining.

Polish often uses this kind of direct verb-based weather expression:

• świeci słońce = the sun is shining
• wieje wiatr = the wind is blowing

English often uses it in weather expressions, but Polish usually does not need that dummy subject.

Here i tak means anyway, all the same, or in any case.

So:

• ona i tak idzie rano na spacer = she goes for a walk in the morning anyway

This phrase often adds the idea that something happens despite other conditions.

Examples:

• Nie mam czasu, ale i tak pójdę. = I don’t have time, but I’ll go anyway.
• Było zimno, a oni i tak wyszli. = It was cold, and they went out anyway.

In your sentence, i tak reinforces the idea of persistence:

• rain or sunshine, she goes anyway.

This is a very good question, because Polish distinguishes between:

• iść = to go, to be going, one-directional
• chodzić = to go regularly, to walk around, multi-directional / habitual

At first glance, because this seems like a repeated habit, you might expect chodzi rano na spacer.

But idzie works because Polish often uses iść when describing a specific act of going under given circumstances, even if that act is typical or repeated in life. The sentence focuses on the act itself:

• no matter the weather, she goes in the morning for a walk

That said, chodzi rano na spacer would also be possible in many contexts, but it would sound slightly more like a general habit:

• Ona i tak chodzi rano na spacer. = She goes for a walk in the morning anyway / habitually

So:

• idzie = emphasizes the act of going
• chodzi = emphasizes the routine/habit

Both can make sense, but they are not identical in nuance.

Yes, ona is not strictly necessary grammatically, because idzie already tells you the subject is he/she/it.

Polish often omits subject pronouns when they are clear from the verb form.

So you could say:

• Bez względu na to, czy pada deszcz, czy świeci słońce, i tak idzie rano na spacer.

That would still be understandable.

But adding ona can:

• emphasize she
• contrast her with someone else
• make the sentence feel slightly clearer or more explicit

So ona is optional here, but natural if the speaker wants a bit of emphasis.

Here na spacer uses the accusative case.

The noun is:

• spacer = walk

After na with the meaning of going somewhere for a purpose / to an activity / onto something, Polish often takes the accusative:

• iść na spacer = to go for a walk
• iść na obiad = to go for dinner/lunch
• iść na trening = to go to training

So:

• na spacer is a fixed and very common expression meaning for a walk

This is different from na spacerze, which is locative and means on a walk / out for a walk:

• Jest na spacerze. = She is out for a walk.

Rano means in the morning.

In this sentence:

• idzie rano na spacer = she goes for a walk in the morning

It is an adverb, so it does not change form here.

Compare:

• rano = in the morning, early in the day
• co rano = every morning
• ranny = morning / early, as an adjective in some contexts

If you wanted to make the habitual sense even clearer, you could say:

• co rano = every morning

But rano by itself is perfectly natural.

Yes, Polish word order is relatively flexible, but the chosen order sounds natural and well-structured.

The sentence is:

• Bez względu na to, czy pada deszcz, czy świeci słońce,
  first comes the condition/background
• ona i tak idzie rano na spacer.
  then comes the main statement

This order is good because it sets up the contrast first:

• regardless of the weather...
• she goes anyway.

You could rearrange some parts for emphasis, for example:

• Ona i tak rano idzie na spacer.
• Rano ona i tak idzie na spacer.

These are possible, but the original sounds very natural and balanced.

In Polish, changing word order often changes emphasis rather than basic meaning.

The commas help separate the introductory expression and the two czy clauses.

Structure:

• Bez względu na to,
• czy pada deszcz, czy świeci słońce,
• ona i tak idzie rano na spacer.

The commas mark:

1. the end of the introductory phrase
2. the separation inside the czy..., czy... structure
3. the end of the whole introductory clause before the main clause

Polish punctuation is often stricter than English in sentences with subordinate clauses, so commas appear very regularly.

No. Polish has no articles, so there is no equivalent of the or a/an.

That is why you simply get:

• pada deszcz = it is raining
• świeci słońce = the sun is shining

The learner has to understand from context whether English needs:

• a
• the
• or no article at all

In this sentence, English naturally uses:

• the sun is shining

But Polish just says słońce without an article.

It is basically neutral standard Polish.

Nothing in it is slangy or especially formal. You could use it in:

• normal conversation
• writing
• teaching materials
• narration

A very close English equivalent would be:

• Regardless of whether it’s raining or the sun is shining, she goes for a walk in the morning anyway.

So the sentence is perfectly normal, standard, and natural.