W domu czytam podręcznik i zapisuję w zeszycie nowe słownictwo.

W domu means at home or in the house/home.

Here, w means in/at, and domu is the correct case form after w when it expresses location.

• dom = house/home
• w domu = in/at home

A learner may compare:

• jestem w domu = I am at home
• idę do domu = I am going home

So:

• w domu = location
• do domu = movement toward home

In Polish, subject pronouns are often omitted because the verb ending already shows who is doing the action.

Here:

• czytam = I read / I am reading
• zapisuję = I write down / I am writing down

The endings tell us the subject is ja (I), so adding ja is usually unnecessary unless you want emphasis.

Compare:

• Czytam podręcznik. = I’m reading a textbook.
• Ja czytam podręcznik. = I am reading a textbook.
  This sounds more emphatic.

The ending -am shows 1st person singular present tense, meaning I.

• czytać = to read
• czytam = I read / I am reading

This is a very common present-tense pattern for some verbs.

For example:

• czytasz = you read
• czyta = he/she/it reads
• czytamy = we read

So in this sentence, czytam podręcznik means I read/am reading a textbook.

Both verbs relate to writing, but they do not mean exactly the same thing.

• pisać = to write
• zapisywać = to write down, to note down, to record

So:

• piszę w zeszycie = I am writing in a notebook
• zapisuję nowe słownictwo = I am writing down new vocabulary

In your sentence, zapisuję is used because the idea is not just general writing, but noting something down.

Podręcznik is the direct object of czytam, so it is in the accusative case.
But for many masculine inanimate nouns, the accusative singular looks exactly the same as the nominative singular.

So:

• nominative: podręcznik
• accusative: podręcznik

That is why the form does not visibly change.

Compare with a feminine noun, where you would see a change:

• czytam książkę = I am reading a book
  (książka → książkę in the accusative)

Podręcznik usually means textbook or coursebook.

It is commonly used for a school or study book designed for learning a subject.

Examples:

• podręcznik do polskiego = a Polish textbook
• podręcznik do historii = a history textbook

So in this sentence, it suggests a structured learning book rather than just any book.

After w when it means in or inside, Polish uses the locative case.

The basic form is:

• zeszyt = notebook / exercise book

After w, it becomes:

• w zeszycie = in the notebook

So:

• w + locative for location
• zeszyt → zeszycie

This is the same idea as:

• w domu = at home
• w szkole = at school
• w książce = in the book

Not always exactly.

Zeszyt usually means a school notebook, exercise book, or copybook—something with blank or lined pages used for notes or schoolwork.

In English, notebook is often the best translation, but sometimes exercise book is more precise.

So in this sentence, w zeszycie suggests writing vocabulary into a study notebook rather than, for example, a random notepad.

Because słownictwo is a neuter singular noun, and the adjective must agree with it.

• słownictwo = vocabulary
• nowe = new (neuter singular form of nowy)

So:

• nowy = masculine
• nowa = feminine
• nowe = neuter

That is why you get nowe słownictwo.

Not exactly.

• słownictwo = vocabulary, lexical material, word stock
• słowa = words

So:

• uczę się nowego słownictwa = I’m learning new vocabulary
• uczę się nowych słów = I’m learning new words

Both can work in similar contexts, but słownictwo is more collective and abstract, like English vocabulary.

In your sentence, nowe słownictwo sounds very natural in a study context.

It actually is in the accusative case, because it is the thing being written down. But słownictwo is a neuter noun, and many neuter nouns have the same form in the nominative and accusative singular.

So:

• nominative: słownictwo
• accusative: słownictwo

The adjective also stays the same here:

• nominative: nowe słownictwo
• accusative: nowe słownictwo

So the case is there grammatically, even though the form does not visibly change.

Great question. Polish often distinguishes between imperfective and perfective verbs.

• zapisywać → zapisuję = imperfective
  suggests an ongoing, habitual, or repeated action
• zapisać → zapiszę = perfective
  suggests completing the action

In your sentence, czytam and zapisuję fit well together as actions happening as part of a study routine or in progress:

• W domu czytam podręcznik i zapisuję w zeszycie nowe słownictwo.

This sounds like:

• At home, I read a textbook and write down new vocabulary.

If you said zapiszę, it would usually mean I will write it down or I’ll have written it down, depending on context, so it would not fit as naturally here.

Yes. Polish word order is more flexible than English, because grammatical relationships are often shown by endings rather than position.

The sentence as given is natural:

• W domu czytam podręcznik i zapisuję w zeszycie nowe słownictwo.

But other orders are also possible, with slightly different emphasis, for example:

• Czytam w domu podręcznik i zapisuję w zeszycie nowe słownictwo.
• Nowe słownictwo zapisuję w zeszycie, a w domu czytam podręcznik.

Even though many orders are grammatically possible, not all are equally natural in every situation. The original sentence sounds smooth and neutral.

It can mean both.

Polish present tense often covers both:

• I read
• I am reading

So czytam podręcznik could mean:

• I read a textbook.
• I am reading a textbook.

The exact meaning depends on context. In this sentence, because it sounds like a study habit or a general routine, English might translate it as:

• At home I read a textbook and write down new vocabulary in a notebook.

But in another context, it could also mean:

• At home I’m reading a textbook and writing down new vocabulary in a notebook.

Yes, in this sentence i simply means and.

It connects two actions:

• czytam podręcznik = I read a textbook
• zapisuję w zeszycie nowe słownictwo = I write down new vocabulary in a notebook

So:

• czytam podręcznik i zapisuję... = I read a textbook and write down...

It is a very common coordinating conjunction, just like English and.