Czasem znam pisownię słowa, ale nie rozumiem jego znaczenia.

Czasem means sometimes.

Yes, czasem and czasami are very close in meaning, and in most everyday situations they are interchangeable:

• Czasem znam pisownię słowa...
• Czasami znam pisownię słowa...

Both mean Sometimes I know the spelling of a word...

Czasem is a little shorter and slightly more compact in style, but there is no big difference here.

Polish often distinguishes between znać and wiedzieć in a way that English does not.

• znać = to know, be familiar with
• wiedzieć = to know a fact, to be aware of, to know that

In this sentence, znam pisownię słowa means I know the spelling of a word in the sense that I am familiar with how it is written.

Compare:

• Znam to słowo. = I know this word.
• Wiem, co to słowo znaczy. = I know what this word means.

So znam fits well with pisownię.

Because it is the direct object of the verb znam.

The dictionary form is pisownia = spelling.
It is a feminine noun, and in the accusative singular it changes:

• nominative: pisownia
• accusative: pisownię

So:

• Znam pisownię słowa. = I know the spelling of the word.

This is a very common pattern for feminine nouns ending in -ia.

Because słowa is in the genitive singular after another noun.

The phrase pisownia słowa literally means the spelling of a word.

This structure is very common in Polish:

• znaczenie słowa = the meaning of a word
• wymowa słowa = the pronunciation of a word
• forma słowa = the form of a word

So:

• słowo = word
• słowa = of a word

Znaczenia is genitive singular of znaczenie.

There are two things going on here:

1. znaczenie means meaning
2. After a negated verb, Polish often uses the genitive instead of the accusative

So:

• Rozumiem jego znaczenie. = I understand its meaning.
• Nie rozumiem jego znaczenia. = I do not understand its meaning.

Without negation, znaczenie would usually stay in the accusative, but for this noun the accusative looks the same as the nominative:

• nominative: znaczenie
• accusative: znaczenie
• genitive: znaczenia

Because of nie, you get znaczenia.

Here jego means its or of it, referring back to słowa = word.

So:

• jego znaczenia = its meaning / the meaning of it

Even though jego can also mean his, here the context makes it clear that it refers to the word.

Since słowo is a neuter noun, English usually translates this as its.

This is an important distinction.

• znać is about being familiar with something
• rozumieć is about understanding it

So the sentence contrasts two different kinds of knowledge:

• znam pisownię słowa = I know how the word is spelled
• nie rozumiem jego znaczenia = but I do not understand what it means

This distinction is very natural in Polish and worth learning early.

The given word order is natural and neutral:

• Czasem znam pisownię słowa, ale nie rozumiem jego znaczenia.

Polish word order is more flexible than English, so some changes are possible, but they affect emphasis.

For example:

• Pisownię słowa czasem znam, ale nie rozumiem jego znaczenia.

This is possible, but it sounds more marked and emphasizes pisownię słowa.

Putting czasem at the beginning is very normal, because it sets the time/frequency frame right away: sometimes.

Because ale means but, and in Polish it normally introduces a new clause that is separated by a comma.

So this is standard punctuation:

• ..., ale ...

The sentence has two parts:

• Czasem znam pisownię słowa
• ale nie rozumiem jego znaczenia

Polish is generally stricter than English about using commas before conjunctions like ale.

Yes, absolutely.

These are both natural:

• nie rozumiem jego znaczenia
• nie rozumiem znaczenia tego słowa

The first one uses a pronoun:

• jego = its

The second one repeats the noun more explicitly:

• tego słowa = of this word / of the word

The version with jego sounds smoother because it avoids repetition.

A few parts may stand out to an English speaker:

• czasem: roughly CHA-sem
• znam: the zn- cluster is pronounced together
• pisownię: the final -ę is a nasal vowel; in normal speech it may sound weaker than learners expect
• słowa: ł sounds like English w, so this is roughly swova
• rozumiem: roughly ro-ZOO-myem
• znaczenia: the cz sounds like English ch in chop

A rough pronunciation guide for the whole sentence:

CHA-sem znam pee-SOV-nyeh SWO-va, A-leh nye ro-ZOO-myem YE-go zna-CHEN-ya

This is only approximate, but it can help you get started.

Yes, it is very natural.

Pisownia is the standard noun for spelling in the sense of how something is written.

So:

• pisownia słowa = the spelling of a word
• znać pisownię słowa = to know the spelling of a word

You may also hear related expressions such as:

• jak się pisze to słowo? = how do you spell this word?
• poprawna pisownia = correct spelling

So the sentence uses normal, standard Polish.