Klucze leżą na komodzie obok drzwi.

Klucze means keys. It is the nominative plural form of klucz (key).

• singular: klucz
• plural: klucze

It has to be in the nominative plural here because it is the subject of the sentence: the keys are the thing doing the action of lying.

Leżą comes from leżeć, which means to lie or to be lying.

So the sentence is a bit more specific than just The keys are on the dresser. It suggests their position: they are lying there.

Compare:

• Klucze są na komodzie. = The keys are on the dresser.
• Klucze leżą na komodzie. = The keys are lying on the dresser.

In everyday Polish, both are possible, but leżą sounds more vivid and natural when talking about objects resting somewhere.

Because the subject klucze is plural, the verb also has to be plural.

The infinitive is leżeć. Present tense:

• ja leżę = I am lying
• ty leżysz = you are lying
• on/ona/ono leży = he/she/it is lying
• my leżymy = we are lying
• wy leżycie = you are lying
• oni/one leżą = they are lying

Since klucze = they (plural), we use leżą.

Because na when it means on in a location sense usually requires the locative case.

The noun komoda changes like this:

• nominative: komoda
• locative: komodzie

So:

• komoda = a dresser / chest of drawers
• na komodzie = on the dresser

This is a very common pattern in Polish:

• na stole = on the table
• na półce = on the shelf
• na komodzie = on the dresser

Komoda usually means a chest of drawers or dresser.

Depending on context, English translations may vary a little:

• dresser
• chest of drawers
• sometimes cabinet is possible in looser translation

So na komodzie means on the dresser / chest of drawers.

Because obok (next to / beside) requires the genitive case.

So the structure is:

• obok + genitive

The noun here is drzwi (door), and after obok it must be in the genitive.

The tricky part is that drzwi looks the same in more than one case, so you do not see a visible change here.

This is a very common learner question. Drzwi is a plural-only noun in Polish. That means Polish treats door as grammatically plural even when it refers to one door.

So you say:

• te drzwi = this door / these doors (depending on context)
• obok drzwi = next to the door

Other Polish nouns work similarly, for example:

• nożyczki = scissors
• spodnie = trousers

So even though English says the door, Polish uses the plural-form noun drzwi.

Not exactly, though they can be similar in some contexts.

• obok drzwi = next to the door
• przy drzwiach = by the door / near the door

Obok usually emphasizes being beside something.
Przy can feel a little broader, more like at or by.

So in this sentence, obok drzwi gives a clear picture: the dresser is next to the door.

Because Polish does not have articles like English a/an/the.

So:

• klucze can mean keys or the keys
• komoda can mean a dresser or the dresser
• drzwi can mean door / the door

Context tells you which meaning is intended. In this sentence, English naturally uses the: The keys are lying on the dresser next to the door.

Yes. Polish word order is much more flexible than English word order because the grammar is shown partly by case endings.

The neutral order here is:

• Klucze leżą na komodzie obok drzwi.

But you could also say:

• Na komodzie obok drzwi leżą klucze.
• Obok drzwi na komodzie leżą klucze.

These versions all mean roughly the same thing, but the emphasis changes:

• starting with Klucze focuses on the keys
• starting with Na komodzie... focuses on the location

Yes, but it may sound slightly more ambiguous.

• na komodzie obok drzwi clearly means on the dresser that is next to the door
• obok drzwi na komodzie could momentarily sound like next to the door, on the dresser, with the location information arriving in a different order

Your original sentence is very natural because it groups the location neatly: on the dresser + next to the door.

Because na means on, while w means in.

So:

• na komodzie = on the dresser
• w komodzie = in the dresser (inside it, for example inside a drawer or inside the piece of furniture)

If the keys are resting on top of it, na is correct.

A simple approximate pronunciation for an English speaker is:

KLOO-cheh LEH-zhaw nah koh-MOH-djyeh OH-bok JZHVEE

A few useful notes:

• kl in klucze is pronounced clearly, like in English clue
• cz sounds roughly like ch in chop
• ż sounds like the s in measure
• ą at the end of leżą is a nasal vowel; in normal speech it may sound a bit like -om or -on
• drz in drzwi is a difficult cluster for English speakers; listen to natives if possible

Mostly location, with a slight sense of physical position.

Leżą does not mean the keys are actively doing something dramatic. It simply describes how they are situated: they are lying somewhere.

So the sentence paints a picture: the keys are resting on the dresser next to the door.