Proszę pani, czy sklep z farbami jest otwarty od ósmej do szóstej?

It is a polite way to address a woman, something like Excuse me, ma’am or Pardon me, madam.

In this sentence, it is not really part of the main question about the shop. It is just a polite attention-getter before asking the question.

Because Proszę pani is a fixed polite expression used when speaking directly to a woman.

A learner might expect another case form, but in polite direct address Polish commonly uses pan / pani in this form. So:

• Proszę pani = polite form of address
• panią would not sound right here in this expression

Czy marks a yes/no question.

It does not have a direct one-word English equivalent. It simply signals that the speaker is asking whether something is true.

So:

• Czy sklep jest otwarty? = Is the shop open?

Without czy, Polish can still ask a yes/no question by intonation, but czy makes it very clear and is very common.

English often uses one noun directly before another noun, as in paint shop or paint store. Polish usually does not do that in the same way.

Instead, Polish often uses a prepositional phrase:

• sklep z farbami = literally shop with paints
• natural meaning: paint shop / paint store

So this is a normal Polish way to express what kind of goods the shop sells.

Literally, yes, z often means with. But here it is better understood more loosely as a shop that sells/carries paints.

So you should not translate it too mechanically. In this sentence:

• sklep z farbami does not mean a shop physically accompanied by paints
• it means a shop dealing in paints

Because the preposition z here requires the instrumental case.

The basic noun is:

• farba = paint

Its instrumental plural is:

• farbami = with paints

So:

• sklep z farbami

uses the form required by z.

Because otwarty is an adjective and it must agree with sklep.

• sklep is masculine singular
• so the adjective is masculine singular too: otwarty

Compare:

• sklep jest otwarty = the shop is open
• apteka jest otwarta = the pharmacy is open
• centrum jest otwarte = the center is open
• sklepy są otwarte = the shops are open

Because after od and do, Polish uses the genitive case, and these time expressions are based on an implied feminine noun: godzina.

So the underlying idea is:

• ósma godzina = the eighth hour
• szósta godzina = the sixth hour

After od and do, they become:

• od ósmej
• do szóstej

That is why the endings change.

Yes. It is understood but normally omitted.

A fuller version would be something like:

• od ósmej godziny do szóstej godziny

But that sounds unnecessarily heavy in normal speech. Polish usually leaves godzina out when talking about clock time.

So od ósmej do szóstej is the natural everyday form.

Usually, in a context like shop opening hours, yes, that is how it would be understood.

But the sentence itself does not explicitly say a.m. or p.m. Context does the job.

If someone wanted to be completely precise, especially in writing, they might say:

• od 8:00 do 18:00
• od ósmej do osiemnastej

The comma is there because Proszę pani is a form of direct address, and Polish separates that from the rest of the sentence with a comma.

As for capitalization:

• pani is normally lowercase in an ordinary sentence
• Pani with a capital letter is mainly used in very formal writing, such as letters or emails addressed directly to someone

So in this sentence, lowercase pani is correct.

Yes. Polish word order is more flexible than English word order.

For example, without the form of address, you could say:

• Czy sklep z farbami jest otwarty od ósmej do szóstej?

That is perfectly natural.

The version with Proszę pani simply adds politeness at the beginning. The core structure of the question stays the same.