In Polish, possession is usually expressed with mieć = to have.
So:
Polish does not normally say I am with time the way some languages do. For simple possession, mieć is the standard verb.
Za mało means too little or not enough.
In Polish, za can be used before adjectives or adverbs to mean too in the sense of excessively:
So:
This is a very common pattern.
Because after za mało Polish uses the genitive case.
The base form is:
But after expressions of quantity like mało (little / not much), the noun usually goes into the genitive:
So czasu is the genitive singular form of czas.
They are very close in meaning, but za mało czasu is much more natural and common in everyday speech.
The second version is more formal, heavier, and less conversational. In normal speech, Polish speakers would strongly prefer za mało czasu.
Here na means something like for in for a walk.
This is a common Polish pattern:
So:
Because after the preposition na in this meaning, Polish uses the accusative case.
The dictionary form is:
For masculine inanimate nouns like spacer, the accusative singular is the same as the nominative singular, so it stays:
That is why you see:
Yes, in English it may be translated differently depending on the verb.
For example:
So the Polish phrase na spacer stays the same, but the best English translation changes with the sentence.
The word order is flexible.
The neutral sentence is:
But you can also say:
The most natural everyday versions are usually:
Putting dziś first can emphasize today.
Yes, and it is a very natural alternative.
Mam dziś za mało czasu na spacer.
= I have too little time for a walk.
Mam dziś za mało czasu, żeby pójść na spacer.
= I have too little time to go for a walk.
The second version is a bit more explicit because it states the action to go for a walk. The original sentence is shorter and very natural.
They express the idea in different ways.
Your sentence uses the noun:
A verbal version could be:
But that can sound slightly different:
So in this sentence, na spacer is the most natural choice.
Yes, very easily. This is a useful pattern:
Mam dziś za mało czasu na + accusative noun
Examples:
This makes the sentence a great model to reuse.
It is neutral and natural in both speech and writing.
You could say it to a friend, a coworker, or in a simple written message.
Polish often uses word order and intonation for emphasis.
For example:
Mam dziś za mało czasu na spacer.
Fairly neutral.
Mam dziś za mało czasu na spacer, ale jutro pójdę.
The contrast helps emphasize today versus tomorrow.
Mam dziś za mało czasu na spacer, nie na kawę.
Emphasis on for a walk as the thing there is no time for.
So the sentence is flexible, but the original version is a very natural neutral choice.