Gdybym miała więcej czasu rano, zrobiłabym owsiankę zamiast jeść płatki na szybko.

Gdybym means if I were / if I had / if I did, depending on the rest of the sentence. In this example, it introduces a hypothetical situation:

Gdybym miała więcej czasu rano...
= If I had more time in the morning...

It is built from:

• gdy = when / if
• bym = a conditional particle

So gdybym is a very common way to say if I... in hypothetical sentences.

You can compare:

• Gdy mam czas, gotuję. = When I have time, I cook.
• Gdybym miała czas, gotowałabym. = If I had time, I would cook.

Because the speaker is female.

In Polish, past-tense forms and conditional forms show gender in the singular:

• miałam / miałabym / zrobiłabym → said by a woman
• miałem / miałbym / zrobiłbym → said by a man

In this sentence, the forms are:

• miała
• zrobiłabym

These point to a feminine speaker.

A male speaker would say:

Gdybym miał więcej czasu rano, zrobiłbym owsiankę zamiast jeść płatki na szybko.

Because in Polish conditional structures, the particle by / bym / byś / byśmy usually appears only once per clause.

So you say:

• Gdybym miała więcej czasu...
• zrobiłabym owsiankę

not:

• Gdybym miałabym... ❌

Here is the pattern:

• in the if-clause, bym is already attached to gdy
• in the main clause, the conditional is marked on the verb: zrobiłabym

So the sentence works like this:

• Gdybym miała więcej czasu rano = If I had more time in the morning
• zrobiłabym owsiankę = I would make oatmeal

Yes. This is a standard hypothetical conditional sentence.

The pattern is:

• Gdybym + past-form verb..., zrobiłabym...
• literally something like If I had..., I would do...

In English, this is similar to the second conditional:

• If I had more time, I would make oatmeal.

In Polish, the conditional is often formed with:

• a past-type verb form
• plus by / bym / byś / byśmy / byście / by

Examples:

• Kupiłabym to, gdybym miała pieniądze.
  = I would buy it if I had money.

• Pojechalibyśmy nad morze, gdyby była ładna pogoda.
  = We would go to the seaside if the weather were nice.

Because after więcej (more), Polish normally uses the genitive case.

So:

• więcej czasu = more time
• więcej pieniędzy = more money
• więcej kawy = more coffee

The basic nominative form is:

• czas = time

But after więcej, it changes to:

• czasu

This is very common and important to remember.

Rano means in the morning or in the mornings, depending on context.

So:

• więcej czasu rano = more time in the morning

Polish often uses rano by itself, without a preposition.

Examples:

• Wstaję rano. = I get up in the morning / early.
• Nie mam czasu rano. = I don’t have time in the morning.

You do not say w rano.

You can also say:

• rankiem = in the morning
  but rano is more common in everyday speech.

They are not exactly the same thing.

• owsianka = oatmeal / porridge
• płatki = flakes / cereal

In this sentence:

• zrobiłabym owsiankę = I would make oatmeal
• zamiast jeść płatki = instead of eating cereal/flakes

So the contrast is between:

• preparing something a bit more substantial: owsianka
• eating something quicker and simpler: płatki

Depending on context, płatki could mean:

• breakfast cereal
• cornflakes
• oat flakes

If someone says just płatki at breakfast, it often means cereal.

Because zamiast can be followed by an infinitive when you mean instead of doing something.

So:

• zamiast jeść płatki = instead of eating cereal

This is a very common pattern:

• Zamiast narzekać, pomóż.
  = Instead of complaining, help.

• Zamiast oglądać telewizję, poszłam spać.
  = Instead of watching TV, I went to bed.

You can also use zamiast with a noun:

• zamiast kawy = instead of coffee
• zamiast śniadania = instead of breakfast

Na szybko means something like:

• quickly
• in a hurry
• as a quick fix
• without taking much time

In this sentence:

• jeść płatki na szybko = to eat cereal quickly / in a rush

This expression is very common in everyday speech, but it is somewhat colloquial. In more careful or formal Polish, you might say:

• w pośpiechu = in a hurry
• szybko = quickly
• na szybko sounds natural and conversational

So the sentence feels natural in spoken Polish.

It is unnecessary here.

Polish usually omits subject pronouns when the verb already shows who the subject is. The forms:

• gdybym
• miała
• zrobiłabym

already make it clear that the subject is I.

So:

• Gdybym miała więcej czasu rano, zrobiłabym owsiankę...
  is perfectly normal.

You could say:

• Ja gdybym miała więcej czasu rano, zrobiłabym owsiankę...

but adding ja gives extra emphasis, something like:

• As for me, if I had more time...

In neutral speech, leaving ja out is more natural.

Yes. Polish word order is more flexible than English, though some orders sound more natural than others.

The original sentence:

Gdybym miała więcej czasu rano, zrobiłabym owsiankę zamiast jeść płatki na szybko.

You could also say:

• Zrobiłabym owsiankę, gdybym miała więcej czasu rano.
• Gdybym rano miała więcej czasu, zrobiłabym owsiankę.

These all mean essentially the same thing.

The main differences are emphasis:

• Gdybym miała więcej czasu rano... emphasizes the condition first
• Gdybym rano miała więcej czasu... puts more focus on rano
• Zrobiłabym owsiankę... starts with the result

Sometimes yes, but gdybym is the most natural choice here.

Possible alternatives include:

• Jeślibym miała więcej czasu rano, zrobiłabym owsiankę...
• Jeżeli miałabym więcej czasu rano... — this is less natural in this kind of hypothetical sentence

For unreal or hypothetical conditions, Polish very often uses:

• gdybym
• jeślibym

Of these, gdybym is usually the most common and natural in everyday speech.

So for a learner, gdybym is an excellent form to remember for sentences like If I had..., I would...

Because zrobić is a perfective verb, and here it suggests a completed single action: make/prep a bowl of oatmeal.

• zrobiłabym owsiankę = I would make oatmeal
• robiłabym would sound more like I would be making / I would make habitually, depending on context

In this sentence, the speaker means one finished action in that situation:

• if she had more time, she would prepare oatmeal

That is why zrobiłabym is very natural.

Compare:

• Gdybym miała więcej czasu, zrobiłabym śniadanie.
  = If I had more time, I would make breakfast.

• Gdybym miała więcej czasu, gotowałabym częściej.
  = If I had more time, I would cook more often.

The second one uses an imperfective idea because it describes repeated behavior.